There are several different kinds of courage explored in the novel. First we can see basic courage, like overcoming
childish fears. Atticus shows the same kind of courage when he is shooting the mad dog. Then there is the moral
courage this is harder to show but Scout show this to the reader when she doesn't fight her classmates when they
criticize Atticus she just ignores it. The final type of courage that is seen in the book is shown when you take on
something that is certain to end in failure. Atticus knows that he will never win the Tom Robinson bu he takes it on
anyway because it is the right thing to do. Mrs Dubose also shows this type of courage when she chooses to try and get
herself off the morphine even though she knows she is dyning and in a way, her battle has no purpose.Atticus wants to
teach his children that by holding a gun in your hand you are not showing courage. Bob Ewell is an example of
someone with no courage.
Atticus and the mad dog
Jem and Mrs Dubose
Atticus defending Tom Robinson
Education
There are two type of education explored in the novel. The formal education system is
critisized by Harper Lee because Scout is told she must unlearn everything that Atticus
taught her. Miss Caroline is very strict and fixed to the Education and dewey decimal
system. However, Scout and Jem learn a lot about education from their father and their
surroundings. Atticus teaches them many lessons such as 'all actions have consequences'
(Jem and Mrs Dubose) and 'to put yourself in other people's shoes.'
School
Atticus' lessons to Jem and Scout
Family
In Maycomb, they live by very traditional ways and most people are judged only by their names.
the same families have lived their for nearly two hundred years so therefore have gained certain
reputations. The Cunninghams are always trustworthy, and the Ewells are always dishonest.
Atticus is against this kind of social classification and feels that people should be judged based
on them as an individual.
Bob Ewell's family
Dill's family
The Radley family
The Cunninghams
Childhood and Growing up
Scout is narrating this book as an adult and looking back on her childhood years. The reader is seeing the the world through the
innocent eyes of a child. We notice how the children always judge people on how they behave regardless of who they are. They
do not show any prejudice towards other people like most of the adults, aside from Atticus. We also start to see how the
children grow up as we progress through the novel. First we see Jem to start to move away from playing childish games with Scout.
Also Jem and Scout's first encounter with death was when Mrs Dubose dies and this was a loss of innocence for them. Atticus raises
his children with certain expectations from them but he is not a strict father and in the end his children turn out to be better
people as a result. Innocence and childhood dies for Jem, Scout and Dil when they realize that the adult world is often a cruel and
unjust place
Mrs Dubose
Prejustice
When the book was set, there was a deep hatred between black and white people.
Slavery had only just been abolished and black people were still considered as another
race and had no say in anything and had to follow white people's rules (e.g Jim Crow
Laws). Although Atticus has no choice but to shoot the mad dog, he doesn't want his
children to admire his skills. Atticus wants to show his children how the causes of
violence can be removed.
Cal's Chruch
Mockingbird
The children are told by Atticus that it is a sin to kill a mocking bird because all it does is sing and it
doesn't bring harm or inconvenience to others. Like the mockingbird, Boo Radley and Tom Robinson
are both gentle caring people who have done nothing but try to help others. The should be
protected like the mockingbird is but instead they are persecuted. Boo is persecuted by the children
and the town gossips.