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41840
Britain - Cradle to the Grave
Description
Higher History (S3/4) Mind Map on Britain - Cradle to the Grave, created by Katie Bryden on 09/04/2013.
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history
s3/4
history
s3/4
higher
Mind Map by
Katie Bryden
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Katie Bryden
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Britain - Cradle to the Grave
Attitudes towards poverty 1 - Victorians
people
self help by Samuel Smiles
If people were in poverty / poor they we classes as
bad christians
wasting money on gambling, prostitution and / or alcohol
ignorant and lazy
wasted money rather than saving
Government
Laissez faire
old liberals
Henry Campbell
Bannerman - prime minister
law
poor law
indoor relief
poor/ work house
outdoor relief
in your own home
provision was very meagre (very little)
they wanted to make sure you were sufficiently poor to merit aid (to get help)
to deter people
stigma of applying
Attitudes towards poverty 2 - Changing
Charities
swamped and tried to convince people to take action
National Security
Boer War showed Britain could scarcely protect her empire after 3 years of war against farmers
In some places 2/3 of recruits were unfit or malnorished
National Efficiency
government worried because British workforce was unfit and malnorished
Countries such as Germany, America and Japan were over taking Britain ecconomically
Soup kitchens
Dr Margret MacMillan and Fred Jowett (both socialists) used rates illegally to feed malnourished school children
after they noticed they were falling asleep or not concentrating in class
Political Concerns
Internally
New Liberals like Winston Churchill and David Lloyd-George advocated state intervention
influenced by social reforms in Germany and New Zealand
Externallly
Rise of Labour Party
Harness working class votes
Conservatives
threatened introduction of social reform
steal votes from Liberals
Socialists
intellectual groups like the Fabien Society and those helping the poor argued, loudly for government intervention
Investigations
Social
Charles Booth
London
30%
Seebohm Rowntree
York
27%
Royal Commission
ordered after Boer War
free school meals
Liberal Reforms
Children
1906 Education(provision of school meals) act
problems
Voluntary
some councils could not afford it
some councils did not believe in it
socialism
1907 Education (Administrative Provisions) act
introduced 3x medical inspections in school career
problems
they identified what was wrong but not treated
1908 a group of acts called the 'Children's Charter'
banned children buying alcohol and cigarettes
Juvenile Coarts
burstals
prevents falling to heavy crime
abuse inspections
physical, sexual, abandonment
Employed (all didn't effect enough people/workers)
Workman's Compensation paid when injured or compensation for loss of life or limb
Mines act set 8 hour working day and minimum wage
problems
strikes in WW1 abandoned hours and pay conditions for war effort
Trades Board Act sweated trades - laundry, tailor, seamstress/dressmaker, lace worker
Reginal Boards set pay and conditions
problems
different pay and conditions in every region
Elderly
Old age pension act 1908
kept many people out of poor/work houses
collected from post office so no stigma attached
helped a large number of elderly
taxes paid for scheme so poor people did not have to make a contribution and push them deeper in to poverty
problems
had to be 70 to qualify - many did not live to this age (average age 55)
rich people objected to their taxes being used for this
limitations were if you had been in jail, the sanatorium, abroad for too much time then you did not qualify
amounts paid were much lower than suggested by Rowntree
Sick
National Insurance act (part I)
provided medical attention
paid for 26weeks - half and half - first 13 they got full pay(10) then half (5) for the second 13 weeks
maternity grant for the first time ever
problems
only covered the person paying stamp but not their family members
only people with TB got hospitalised
seasonal workers couldn't pay enough stamps
contributions pushed workers further into poverty
Unemployed
Labour Exchanges
employers and workers could go to the same place
could mend and wash clothes
414 by 1911
problems
not compulsory to advertise jobs
did not help -seasonal workers, specialist workers(engineers, masons)
National Insurance act (part II)
provided unemployment payments regularly
contributions from worker - so he felt he was paying his way
employer protecting their worker for the first time
government replaced inadequate poor law for those workers covered
problems
did not cover enough workers - 7 trades
contributions pushed poorer workers into poverty
did not cover seasonal workers
did not cover workers for long enough
Effects of the war
rationing
equality in food and distribution
poor people became more healthy
some had more to eat
better food
rich ate what the poor ate
government introduced more education on sanitation, pregnancy, contraception and nutrition
housing
every one "mucked in" to help when houses were bombed
bombs did not discriminate between the classes neither did those who helped
rich classes could see the conditions of the poor
war government introduced universal free milk for primary children
Classes mixed in together
war duties
shelters
land armys
people of all classes shared experiences and gained greater awareness of each other's lifestyles and needs
Armed forces
men of all classes working together and gaining greater awareness of what should be done after the war is over
this time they would create a new Britain unlike the false promises of WW1 "Home fit for hero's"
Beveridge report made lots of recommendations to the government to improve life after the war
government (mainly tories) published white papers on how to improve social conditions after the war
education plans of Tony R.A. Butler were introduced in1944 but implement by Labour in 1945
Social Investigations
Booth
book published "life and labour of the people in London"
poverty line
30% of all people in poverty
poverty in London
Rowntree
showed poverty was widespread
primary poverty - used to describe those whose earnings were so low they could not survive on them alone
1/3 of people living in town in poverty
York
secondary poverty - used to describe those whose earnings were enough to live on but who spend money in a wasteful way
cycle of poverty
Royal Cmmision
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