4185733
Description
Mind Map by Fangirl.Ana, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fangirl.Ana
almost 9 years ago
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Carbonyl Compounds
- Aldehydes
- Prep.
- Primary alcohol + ox.
agent --> aldehyde +
water
- Ethanol + [O] -> ethanal
- Ethanol + [O] -> ethanal
- Products
should be
distilled as
they form
- Oxidation under reflux
gives carboxylic acid
- Ethanal + [O] ->
ethanoic acid
- Ethanal + [O] ->
ethanoic acid
- Oxidation under reflux
gives carboxylic acid
- Primary alcohol + ox.
agent --> aldehyde +
water
- Reduction:
- NaBH4 or
LiAlH4
- Al + red. agent --> primary
alcohol
- Ethanal + 2[H] -> ethanol
- Ethanal + 2[H] -> ethanol
- Can be thought of as
nucleophilicaddition
- NaBH4 or
LiAlH4
- Nucleophilic addition:
- HCN: Sn1 mechanism
(formation of
carbocation)
- HCN: Sn1 mechanism
(formation of
carbocation)
- Tests:
- 2,4- DNPH
- Positive, pulpy
orange ppt
- -hydrazine to -hydrazone
- Positive, pulpy
orange ppt
- Felhing's:
- From blue to brick
red on warming
- Cu(2+) to Cu(+) ions
- Cu(2+) to Cu(+) ions
- Positive
- From blue to brick
red on warming
- Tollens':
- Positive
- Silver mirror formed on warming
- Carboxylate ion formed as organic product
- Carboxylate ion formed as organic product
- Positive
- 2,4- DNPH
- Prep.
- Ketones
- Prep.
- Secondary alcohol +
ox. agent --> ketone +
water
- Secondary alcohol +
ox. agent --> ketone +
water
- Reduction:
- Ketone + 2[H] ->
secondary alcohol
- Propanone +
2[H] ->
propan-2-ol
- Propanone +
2[H] ->
propan-2-ol
- Ketone + 2[H] ->
secondary alcohol
- Nucleophilic addition:
- Sn1 addition of HCN
- Sn1 addition of HCN
- Tests:
- 2,4- DNPH
- Positive, pulpy orange ppt
- -hydrazine to -hydrazone
- Positive, pulpy orange ppt
- Tollens':
- Negative
- No change
- Negative
- Fehling's
- Negative
- No change
- Negative
- 2,4- DNPH
- Prep.
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