Carbohydrates

Annotations:

• polyhydroxy aldehydes or keytones or compounds which produce them on hydrolysis

1. Classification of Carbohydrates
   1. monosaccharides
      1. simplest group of carbohydrates and often referred to as simple sugars
         1. eg : glucose, fructose, galactose
   2. oligosaccharides
      1. contain 2-10 monosaccharide units which are liberated on hyrdrolysis
         1. eg : sucrose, lactose, maltose
   3. polysaccharides
      1. polymers of monosaccharide units
         1. homopolysaccharides
            1. similar sugar monomer units
               1. eg : starch, glycogen
         2. heteropolysaccharides
            1. different sugar monomer units
               1. eg : heparin , hyaluronic acid
2. Structural Aspects
   1. Derivatives of monosaccharides
      1. Amino Sugars
      2. Deoxysugars
      3. L- Ascorbic Acid
      4. Sugar Alcohols
      5. Sugar Acids
   2. Disacchardies
      1. Reducing disaccharides
         1. Maltose
         2. Lactose
      2. Non- Reducing disaccharides
         1. Sucrose
   3. Polysaccharides
      1. homopolysaccharides
         1. Starch
         2. Insulin
         3. Glycogen
         4. Cellulose
      2. heteropolysaccharides
         1. Hyaluronic acid
         2. Chondroitin Sulphate
         3. Heparin
         4. Dermatan Sulphate
         5. Keratan Sulphate