Thromboembolic Disease

Types
1. Deep venous thrombosis
2. Superficial venous thrombosis
3. Pulmonary embolism
Risk Factors for Thromboembolic Disease
1. cesarean birth
2. history of venous thrombosis
3. caricosities
4. maternal age over 35
5. Obesity
6. Multi-parity
7. smaking
Causes
1. Venous stasis
2. hypercoagulation
Clinical manifestations
1. Superficial venous thrombosis
  1. Pain and tenderness of lower extremities
  2. Physical Assessment shows
    1. Warmth
    2. redness
    3. enlarged, hardened vein over the site of the thrombosis
2. Deep venous thrombosis
  1. unilateral leg pain
  2. calf tenderness
  3. swelling
  4. Physical Assessment
    1. redness
    2. warmth
3. Pulmonary embolism
  1. dyspnea
  2. tachypnea
  3. Apprehension cough
  4. tachycardia
  5. hemoptysis
  6. elevated temperature
  7. pleuritic chest pain
diagnostics
1. Physical Assessment
2. Venography
3. Doppler ultrasound
4. cardiac auscultation
5. Electrograms
6. Arterial Po2
7. Aventilation/perfusion scan
8. Pulmonary arteriogram
Medical Management
1. Analgesia
2. Rest with elevation of the affected leg
3. elastic stocks
4. heat application
5. Anticoagulant therapy
6. Introvenous heparin therapy
7. Intermittent subcutaneous heparin
Nursing considerations
1. Assessment
  1. Inspection and palpation of affected area
  2. Palpation of peripheral pulses
  3. Checking Homan's sign
  4. Comparison of leg cicumference
  5. Signs of bleeding
  6. Signs of pulmonary embolism
    1. coughing
    2. dyspnea
    3. chest pain
    4. tachypnea
  7. presence of crackes
2. Nursing Interventions
  1. Health teaching
    1. not to rub affected area
    2. application of stockings
  2. Assist with personal care
  3. encourage to participate
  4. change positions frequently
A thrombosis results from the formation of a blood clot or clots inside a blood vessel and is caused by inflamation(thrombophlebitis) or partial obstruction of the vessel.

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Thromboembolic Disease

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	Created by Javen Jara almost 11 years ago