4252204
Description
Mind Map by Ellen Rita, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ellen Rita
over 8 years ago
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The body and thermal environment
- Important components of the thermal environment
- Environmental
- Radiant temperature
- Black globe thermometer
- Black globe thermometer
- Air temperature
and Humidity
- Wet and dry bulb thermometers
- Wet and dry bulb thermometers
- Air movement (velocity)
- Anemometer
- Anemometer
- Radiant temperature
- Person
- Human activity
- Clothing worn (CLO)
- Human activity
- Environmental
- The body in hot/cold environments
- Human Thermoregulation - the ability of an organism to keep its
body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the
surrounding temperature is very different
- Skin
- Helps with homeostasis- lose excess body
heat- vasodilation and sweating
- Insulating layer (hair stands on
end when cold) trapping heat
- Helps with homeostasis- lose excess body
heat- vasodilation and sweating
- Arterioles
- Vasodilation
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
- Muscles
- Shivering
- Shivering
- Skin
- Human Thermoregulation - the ability of an organism to keep its
body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the
surrounding temperature is very different
- Heat exchanged between the body and the environment
- Heat Radiation
- Covection
- The factor determining the heat
transport process in the human body
- The blood circulation system can transfer heat from one
part of the body to another by controlling the vessels
- The blood circulation system can transfer heat from one
part of the body to another by controlling the vessels
- The factor determining the heat
transport process in the human body
- Conduction
- Clothes which contain a lot of air and whose
material has a low thermal conductivity, are
good heat isolators
- Clothes which contain a lot of air and whose
material has a low thermal conductivity, are
good heat isolators
- Evaporation
- Other factors
- Clothing worn (CLO)
- Work/Activity
- Metabolic heat production
- Metabolic heat production
- Clothing worn (CLO)
- Heat Radiation
- Cold environments - Noakes 2000
(exercise and the cold)
- What types of outcomes of the cold are possible (LAND)
- Fatality (hypothermia), frostbite, reduced performance of the
muscles – combined effects of cold, wind and wet
- Shivering (increased metabolic rate but also
increased vasodilation and blood flow and cooling)
- Clothing can decrease the rate of temperature drop.
- Fatality (hypothermia), frostbite, reduced performance of the
muscles – combined effects of cold, wind and wet
- What types of outcomes of the
cold are possible (WATER)
- Fatality (hypothermia), muscle cooling
(discomfort, potentially leading to drowning)
- Cold shock response (very cold water at 10 degree C. Respiratory and musculoskeletal
response, hyperventilation, reduced duration of breath holding, disorientation and panic.
- Shivering (increased metabolic rate but also
increased vasodilation and blood flow and cooling)
- Different rates of cooling of skeletal muscles (dependent on body shape). Exercise can reduce the
insulating capacity of muscles in the water. Potentially greatest muscle cooling in the arms and can
inhibit the ability to swim and keep the head above the water. Variations in advice for survival.
- Clothing can affect the
rate of temperature drop.
- Fatality (hypothermia), muscle cooling
(discomfort, potentially leading to drowning)
- Measurements
- Body shape
- Clothing
- Distance and time
- Body temperature, air
temperature, wind speed,
humidity, water temperature
- Body shape
- What types of outcomes of the cold are possible (LAND)
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