You can make equivalent fractions by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the same number.
You can also make equivalent fractions by dividing - this is called cancelling. When it can't cancel anymore, it is in it's lowest term
+
Annotations:
Convert to top heavy fraction →Find common denominator (x both denominators together [and do the same sum to the top as the bottom])→Add numerators and put above the common denominator→ Convert to mixed no→Cancel down
-
Annotations:
Convert to top-heavy fraction→Common denominator (d x d) →Find numerators→- numerators and put on top→Mixed no→Cancel
x
Annotations:
Convert to top-heavy→Cancel any diagonal n and d →x each side and put together→Change to mixed no→Cancel if pos
÷
Annotations:
Convert to top-heavy→Kiss + Flip (turn ÷ into x and flip last fraction)→finish the x method