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the cognitive approach
to explaining
depression
- Beck
- why are some people more
vulnerable to depression
- people's cognitions
- faulty info processing
- focus on negatives, ignore positives
- blow problems out of proportion
- black & white thinking
- glass half empty
- focus on negatives, ignore positives
- negative self schemas
- package of info about ourselves
- negative = interpret
info about ourselves
negatively
- negative = interpret
info about ourselves
negatively
- package of info about ourselves
- the negative triad
- view of the world
- no hope in the world
- no hope in the world
- view of future
- reduce hopefulness & enhance depression
- reduce hopefulness & enhance depression
- view of self
- confirm low emotions
- low self esteem
- confirm low emotions
- view of the world
- faulty info processing
- people's cognitions
- why are some people more
vulnerable to depression
- Ellis
- depression is a result of irrational thinking
- thoughts interfere with us being happy
- thoughts interfere with us being happy
- ABC model
- A - activating event
- irrational thoughts are triggered
- failing a test
- failing a test
- irrational thoughts are triggered
- B - beliefs
- irrational beliefs
- never going to pass
- never going to pass
- irrational beliefs
- C - consequences
- emotional & behavioural consequences
- never get a job - life over
- never get a job - life over
- emotional & behavioural consequences
- A - activating event
- depression is a result of irrational thinking
- evaluation - Beck
- good supporting evidence
- from faulty info
processing to negative
self schemas
- Terry - looked at likelihood of post natal depression
- Clark & Beck - reviewed research on cognitions
causing depression
- Terry - looked at likelihood of post natal depression
- from faulty info
processing to negative
self schemas
- practical application - CBT
- forms basis of CBT
- all cognitive aspects can be identified
and challenged in CBT
- strength - successful in therapy
- forms basis of CBT
- doesn't explain all aspects
- basic symptoms
(depression complex)
- can't explain
- hallucinations/ bizarre beliefs
- anger
- hallucinations/ bizarre beliefs
- basic symptoms
(depression complex)
- good supporting evidence
- evaluation - Ellis
- partial explanation
- only applies to some kinds of depression
- following activating events (reactive depression)
- following activating events (reactive depression)
- only applies to some kinds of depression
- practical applications in CBT
- successful therapy
- by challenging irrational beliefs
- by challenging irrational beliefs
- supports as agrees with irrational beliefs
- successful therapy
- doesn't explain all aspects
- can't explain anger or hallucinations
- can't explain anger or hallucinations
- partial explanation
- evaluation +
- cognitive primacy
- emotions are influenced by cognitions
- not always
- emotion stored until some time after the activating event
- emotion stored until some time after the activating event
- not always
- emotions are influenced by cognitions
- attachment & depression
- insecure attachments
- more vulnerable to depression
- more vulnerable to depression
- insecure attachments
- cognitive primacy
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