DNA

Annotations:

• two stranded genetic material that contains instructions for all proteins in the body.  No two people share the same genetic material except for identical twins.

1. Gene

   Annotations:

   • Make up who a person is and what they look like.  They determine proteins(maybe check this later).  
   1. Protein Synthesis

      Annotations:

      • Process where proteins are "synthesized" in the body, using DNA instructions.
   2. Nucleotide

      Annotations:

      • Made of a nitrogen base and a phosphate
2. RNA

   Annotations:

   • One half of the DNA helicase.  RNA replicates itself to make DNA.  It goes to the ribosome and is translated into amino acids, which link together to create proteins for our bodies.
   1. Translation

      Annotations:

      • An action that occurs in the ribosomes where RNA is "translated" into amino acids. 
   2. Transcription

      Annotations:

      • Occurs in the nucleus of a cell.  DNA is 'unzipped' by an enzyme and RNA is created from either half of the broken up DNA.  The RNA travels through nuclear pores, through the cytoplasm, before ending up in the ribosomes to be translated.
   3. Codons/anticodons

      Annotations:

      • Codon: three nitrogen base sequence on mRNA that codes for one amino acid. Antcodon: three base sequence on tRNA that amtches the codon.
      1. base pair rule

         Annotations:

         • nitrogen bases have a set pairing rule: A pairs with T(U) and C pairs with G, and vice versa.
3. Replication

   Annotations:

   • When DNA replicates itself by finding another matching RNA strand.
   1. Cloning

      Annotations:

      • Clones are organisms created from  the DNA of another, already existing(and usually adult) organism. Their DNA sequences are exactly the same. Clones are produced in a lab.
4. GMO

   Annotations:

   • Stands for Genetically Modified Organism.  Means that scientists created it in a laboratory, possibly by splicing other DNA into the normal organism to make it easier to grow, handle, or cook with.
   1. Mutation

      Annotations:

      • When a genetic mutation occurs, it means that the DNA has mutated in some way, which has change