document which either creates a debt or acknowledges it, an
any document which fulfils either of these conditions is debenture
(Chitty J said in Levy v Abercorris Slate & Slab CO )
include besides debt, any obligation, covenant, undertaking or
guarantee to pay or any acknowledgement thereof (James Foong J
said in Bensa Sdn. Bhd. v Malayan Banking Bhd (1993))
Include any debenture stock, bonds, notes and any other
securities of a corporation. Exclude bank deposit slips, bill of
exchange & promissory note (Section 4 (1))
Types
Debenture payable
to a registered
registered in the
name of the holder
can be transfered
debenture payable
to a bearer
negotiable
instrument
transfered by deliver
to transferee
Secured
debenture
property is charge
to debenture holder
unsecured
debenture
not secured by a charge
over the property
Redeemable
debenture
Principle money is repaid
to holder at specific period
perpetual
debenture
issue w/o fixed
date for
redemption
Differences between
share/shareholders and
debenture/ debenture holder