Postman: The rise, and fall,
of childhood lies in the fall of
print culture and its
replacement by television
culture
Critcism
Ignores other
factors such as
changes in law,
rising living
standards etc
Claims that
children's
unsupervised
games are
dying out
Less
distinction
between adults
and children's
clothes, crimes,
entertainment
and rights
During the middle ages, people were
illiterate and there was no division
between the worlds of men and women
Childhood emerged with mass literacy;
the ability of reading for adults meant
they had power over 'adult' knowledge
(sex, money, violence, death)
'Information
hierarchy'
TV destroys information hierarchy and the boundary between adults and children,
diminishing adult power. The tastes of adults and children become interweved
A separate
childhood culture
Opie argues childhood is still present
Strong evidence of
childhood culture still
exists - children still
create games, songs etc
Contradicts Postman's claim that
children's unsupervised games are
dying out
Globalisation of
Western childhood
International
humanitarian and
welfare agencies
impose western
norms on rest of
world
Campaigns against child
labour about what
'childhood' ought to be, but
isn't in other countries
The
reconstruction
of childhood
Palmer
'Toxic childhood'
Junk food,
computer games,
educational stress
Technological and cultural
changes have damaged
physical and emotional
development of children
Childhood as innocent
and protected stage is
under threat
Extension of compulsory education
- children dependent for longer
Children have more rights
but still not equal to adults
Disappearing
childhood due to
lower death rates -
ageing population
Social construct, so
changes with cultural
and geographical
situation