Development of science and technology undermines
religion and supernatural beliefs
However can contribute to development e.g. Weber's
claim that the protestant ethic brought about
modern capitalism
Hinduism and Consumerism
Indians are becoming more religious and Urban
Nada believes this to be a result of conflict between middle classes' wealth and the traditional religion of Hunduism
Guru's say this desire is not bad, but divinity that motivates people.
this allows the middle class to adjust to global
consumerism
Hindu Sciences being taught at schools
India's wealth is said (by politicians) to be a result of Hindu beliefs and values
Pentecostalist Latin America
Emphasising self denying, personal discipline and hard
work- members are therefore upwardly mobile.
Neccecaery to stop poverty and promote economic development.
Incorporates local spiritual beliefs as well as new ones
Gained popularity as a charismatic christian religion
Fundementalism
Cosmopolitan
Giddens- Fundementalism is a group of
traditionalist who wish to return to the
fundamentals of their faith.
reaction to globalisation views on
gender and sexuality
Rely upon traditions of the clergy to interoperate the
religious texts that determine their lifestyle
Monotheism
Bruce sees it as globalisation threatening traditional lifestyles and beliefs
Development of rigid and aggressive behaviours
In the West- reaction to changes in society
In the 3rd World- reaction to changes in
their country from the west
Cultural Defence
Bruce - Where a community unites together against an
external threat ie. the government. Religion unites people as it has a collective identity
Poland 195-89 The Catholic church rose above the
communist state by supporting the solidarity free
trade union movement.
Iran 1960-70 revolted against the westernisation of Iran
Clash of Civilizations
Huntingdon- since the collapse of communism, clashes have arisen
7 Nations: Western, Latin America, Chian, Japaneese, Islamic, Hindu, Slavic- Orthodox.
The biggest being between the west and Islam e.g. 9/11 and 7/7 as the west is more liberal
than traditional.
religious differences are creating an 'us and
them' culture with competitions between
military powers
religious identity has
made people want to
fight for their beliefs