4661367
Description
Mind Map by Emily Sutton, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emily Sutton
over 8 years ago
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Protein synthesis
- polypeptide synthesis
- sequence of nucleotides on a gene
of dna acts as a template
- complimentary copy transcribed onto mRNA
- mRNA acts as a template that is translated into a
complimentary chain of tRNA which carry specific
amino acids which are linked together
- mRNA acts as a template that is translated into a
complimentary chain of tRNA which carry specific
amino acids which are linked together
- complimentary copy transcribed onto mRNA
- sequence of nucleotides on a gene
of dna acts as a template
- Transcription
- produces mRNA from DNA
- base sequence of a gene on DNA converted to
a complimentary base sequence on mRNA
- rna polymerase links to dna at the start of
the gene to be transcribed
- dna unwinds as hydrogen bonds between the 2 double helix strands break exposing unpaired dna bases
- only one strand used as template
- start codon ensures gene is read in right direction
- rna polymerase moves along dna strand, a molecule of single stranded mRNA is made
from free rna nucleotides present in nucleoplasm (that enter nucleus from cytoplasm)
- complimentary base pairing DNA-RNA: A-U(uracil), T-A, G-C, C-G
- at end of sequence mRNA detaches and dna rewinds into double helix
- mRNA moves through nuclear pores into the cytoplasm and
attaches to a ribosome (made of ribosomal rna and protein)
- mRNA moves through nuclear pores into the cytoplasm and
attaches to a ribosome (made of ribosomal rna and protein)
- at end of sequence mRNA detaches and dna rewinds into double helix
- complimentary base pairing DNA-RNA: A-U(uracil), T-A, G-C, C-G
- rna polymerase moves along dna strand, a molecule of single stranded mRNA is made
from free rna nucleotides present in nucleoplasm (that enter nucleus from cytoplasm)
- start codon ensures gene is read in right direction
- only one strand used as template
- dna unwinds as hydrogen bonds between the 2 double helix strands break exposing unpaired dna bases
- rna polymerase links to dna at the start of
the gene to be transcribed
- produces mRNA from DNA
- Translation
- the formation of a polypeptide chain according to original
dna code using amino acids on tRNA and the mRNA code
- mRNA held by a ribosome which had two transfer RNA (tRNA) binding site
- each tRNA has its own specific amino acid
- the codons on mRNA join to complimentary anticodons on tRNA by
hydrogen bonding
- ribosomal enzyme catalyses peptide bond formation between an amino acid on one tRNA and the growing polypeptide on the other tRNA
- ribosome passes along mRNA, one codon at a time, trna with appropriate anticodon fills vacant slot and
the amino acid forms a peptide bond with the last member of the chain using energy from ATP
- the tRNA that has donated an amino acid to
chain detaches from mrna and ribosome and is
free to attach to another identical amino acid
- an amino acid activated by ATP and is
attached to a specific tRNA molecule which
carries amino acid at one end and anticodon
at the other
- different trna molecules with their amino acids are
assembles according to the mRNA base sequence
- different trna molecules with their amino acids are
assembles according to the mRNA base sequence
- an amino acid activated by ATP and is
attached to a specific tRNA molecule which
carries amino acid at one end and anticodon
at the other
- the tRNA that has donated an amino acid to
chain detaches from mrna and ribosome and is
free to attach to another identical amino acid
- ribosome passes along mRNA, one codon at a time, trna with appropriate anticodon fills vacant slot and
the amino acid forms a peptide bond with the last member of the chain using energy from ATP
- ribosomal enzyme catalyses peptide bond formation between an amino acid on one tRNA and the growing polypeptide on the other tRNA
- the codons on mRNA join to complimentary anticodons on tRNA by
hydrogen bonding
- one site binds tRNA carrying
the amino acid which has been
joined to the growing
polypeptide chain while other
site is for tRNA carrying the
next amino acid in the
sequence
- each tRNA has its own specific amino acid
- the formation of a polypeptide chain according to original
dna code using amino acids on tRNA and the mRNA code
- producing the final proteins
- polysomes: usually a number of
ribosomes move along a single piece of
mRNA each making a new polypeptide
chain
- further modification: primary structure
may be modified by golgi body and the final
structure may have more than one
polypeptide eg. haemoglobin
- polysomes: usually a number of
ribosomes move along a single piece of
mRNA each making a new polypeptide
chain
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