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Approaches and Methods for ESL
- COMMUNICATIVE
- METHODS
- SILENT WAY
- Teacher
Talk
- Signals
- Teacher
Talk
- NATURAL WAY
- Comprehensible input
- Acceptance of L1
- Comprehensible input
- ICB
- L2 Development
- Integrated content/language
- Thematic units across curriculums
- L2 Development
- SHELTEREd/SIOP
- Grade level modified
- Scaffolded
- Visuals
- Cooperative learning
- Guarded vocabulary
- Language/content objectivves
- Standard driven
- Echevarria, Vogt, & Short
- Grade level modified
- SUGGESTOPEDIA
- Minimal Error Correction
- Relaxed setting
- Use of L1
- Minimal Error Correction
- SILENT WAY
- Focus on language learning via communication
- Student centered
- Meaningful acquisition
- Purposeful
- ZPD
- Vygotsky
- Vygotsky
- Rooted in Constructivism
- METHODS
- GRAMMATICAL/GRAMMAR BASED
- Teacher centered
- Memorize language rules and sentence patterns
- Originally used in Greek and Latin Instruction
- Fixed or staged
- Fixed or staged
- Originally used in Greek and Latin Instruction
- Memorize language rules and sentence patterns
- METHODS
- GRAMMAR TRANSLATION
- Holistic approach to grammar
- Develops reading, writing, and grammar
- Develops reading, writing, and grammar
- Holistic approach to grammar
- DIRECT
- Total Immersion in L2
- Open ended responses
- No use of L1
- Total Immersion in L2
- AUDIOLINGUAL
- Minimal use of L1
- Stresses error correction
- Repetition/drills
- Grammar taught carefully/sequenced
- Minimal use of L1
- GRAMMAR TRANSLATION
- Teacher centered
- COGNITIVE
- CALLA
- CALP development in L1 and L2
- Prior Knowledge
- Cooperative learning
- Learning strategy instruction
- Content/Language objectives
- Chamot and O'Mallley
- CALP development in L1 and L2
- Learner centered
- Explicit teaching of learning strategies
- Metacognition
- Working memory
- Interaction/guidance driven
- CALLA
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