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472918
Biology 2
Description
GCSE Biology Mind Map on Biology 2, created by scottpjallen on 09/01/2014.
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biology
biology
gcse
Mind Map by
scottpjallen
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
scottpjallen
almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Biology 2
Topic 1-Genes and Enzymes
Cells and Microscopy
Animal and Plant Cell
Nucleus
Contains DNA that controls what the cell does
Cytoplasm
Gel-Like substance where the most of the chemical reactions happen
Cell Membrane
Hold the cell together and controls what goes in and out
Mitochondria
Reactions for respiration take place. Respiration releases energy that the cell needs work
Specific to Plant
Rigid Cell Wall
Made of cellulose, Gives support for the cell
Large Vacuole
Contains cell sap
A weak solution of sugar and salts
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis occurs. Contain chlorophyll
Bacteria
No Nucleus
Chromosomal DNA
One long circular Chromosome. Controls the cells activities and replication. It floats free in the cytoplasm(Not in the nucleus)
Plasmids
Small loops of extra DNA that aren't part of the chromosomes. Contain genes for drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria
Flagellum
Long, Hair like structure that rotates so the bacterium can move (Tail)
Cell Wall
Microscopes
Magnification= Length of Image/Length of Specimen
DNA
A double helix of paired bases, Two spirals
Pairs
A-Adenine
T-Thymine
G-Guanine
C-Cytosine
Discovered by Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins
Extract DNA
Using onions
Protein Synthesis
Mutations
Can be Harmful, Beneficial or Neutral
Gene codes for a specific protein
Made by ribosomes
mRNA
Unzip
Enzymes
Catalysts produced by living things
Substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction
Have specific shapes so they can catalyse reactions
Active site and the substrate joined on the enzyme then becomes the protein and the same enzyme
Measuring rate
Temperature
pH
Human Genome Project
To map the 25000+ genes
Help with the future in medicines and diseases
Bad- Stress, Problems, Discrimination
Genetic Engineering
Uses enzymes to cut and paste genes
Mitosis
Makes new cells for growth and repair
2 identical cells
Asexual reproduction
Meiosis
Gametes have half the usual number of chromosomes
Two Divisions
Cloning Animals
Made by adult cell cloning
Issues
Not as long life
Risks with the cloning
Stem Cells
Embryonic stem cells can turn into any type of cell
Cure many diseases
Topic 2-Life Processes
Respiration and Exercise
Photosynthesis
Osmosis
Water Uptake
Distribution of Organisms
Topic 3-Organ Systems
Evolution
Growth and Development
Cell Organisation
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Enzymes
Functional Foods
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