47930
Description
Mind Map by Peter Nelson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Peter Nelson
over 11 years ago
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Heart Disease
- Atherosclerosis
- lumen of artery is
narrowed due to buildup
of chlolesterol & fatty acid
deposits below the
endothelium of the artery.
- reduces blood flow to heart
muscle cells beyond point
of atheroma formation
- Partial blockage leads to heart muscle
cells being deprived of sufficient
oxygen during exercise.
- The cells then begin to
respire anaerobically,
producing lactic acid which
causes painful angina.
- The cells then begin to
respire anaerobically,
producing lactic acid which
causes painful angina.
- Partial blockage leads to heart muscle
cells being deprived of sufficient
oxygen during exercise.
- If the blood vessel is blocked
completely the cells get no
oxygen and begin to die,
causing myocardial infaction
(heart attack)
- reduces blood flow to heart
muscle cells beyond point
of atheroma formation
- muscle fibres and calcium
salts accumulate forming
hard uneven patches called
plaque.
- Usually occurs after damage to
the artery eg. Hypertension,
Bacterial Toxins etc.
- Usually occurs after damage to
the artery eg. Hypertension,
Bacterial Toxins etc.
- lumen of artery is
narrowed due to buildup
of chlolesterol & fatty acid
deposits below the
endothelium of the artery.
- Thrombosis
- The plaque may rupture and trigger
blood clotting in the damaged area,
which builds up rapidly, further
blocking the artery.
- known as a thrombus.
- can break up and travel
elsewhere in the bloodstream,
potentially leading to other
problems such as a stroke.
- known as a thrombus.
- The plaque may rupture and trigger
blood clotting in the damaged area,
which builds up rapidly, further
blocking the artery.
- Aneurysm
- When the artery becomes blocked, blood
flow throught the area is restricted.
Pressure then builds on in front and pushes
on the artery wall.
- this pressure causes the artery
wall to weaken and start to bulge
outward. This is known as an
aneurysm.
- Vessel may rupture
causing internal bleeding.
- Vessel may rupture
causing internal bleeding.
- this pressure causes the artery
wall to weaken and start to bulge
outward. This is known as an
aneurysm.
- When the artery becomes blocked, blood
flow throught the area is restricted.
Pressure then builds on in front and pushes
on the artery wall.
- Risk Factors
- Gender
- men at higher risk
than women up to
menopause due to
effect of oestrogen
- men at higher risk
than women up to
menopause due to
effect of oestrogen
- genetic factors
- Smoking
- nicotine is a vaso-constrictor
which increases blood pressure
therefore causing damage to
endothelium
- smoking increases cholestrol levels.
- Chemicals in cigarettes lead to
increased chance of thrombosis.
- nicotine is a vaso-constrictor
which increases blood pressure
therefore causing damage to
endothelium
- High Blood Pressure
- Damages endothelium
- Damages endothelium
- High Conc. of LDL in blood.
- linked to excess saturated fat in diet.
- made in liver from fats, cholestrol and protein
- linked to excess saturated fat in diet.
- Gender
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