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48494
ketones
Description
Chemistry Mind Map on ketones, created by lily anna stokes on 17/04/2013.
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chemistry
chemistry
Mind Map by
lily anna stokes
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
lily anna stokes
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
ketones
Suffix '-one'
Parent chain is longest unbranched Carbon chain
C=O is numbered to show position so the smallest no. is used
Reacts
Different to alkenes as O in C=O is more elecronegative than C
Creates a Dipole as bonded electrons are drawn towards O
Reduction
Reduced to secondary alcohols by naBH4
By neucleophillic Addition
BH4- ion acts as hydride ion source (:H-)
Electron defficient C+ in polar C=O gets attacked by :H-
At same time C=O breaks producing a negatively charged intermediate
Intermediate donates electron pair to a H from H2O
This forms a dative covalent bond and a OH-
The organic addition product is an alcohol
C-C=O
Aromatics
Pehnylethanone
Production
Oxidised from secondary alcohols, CANNOT be oxidised further
Suitable oxidising agent acidified dichromate; H+/Cr2O7 2-
Tests
2,4-DNP (Brady's reagent)
Yellow or Orange precipitate is formed
No precipitate formed with COOH or O=C-O
Precipitate Is impure so is filtred and recrystallised to produce a pure sample
Filtred again and left to dry
Melting point is measured and recorded
Melting point compared to known samples on a database
Confirms C=O functional group
Tollens' Reagent
No reaction indicates a Ketone is present
Made by addition of NaOH(aq) to AgNO3(aq) until brown silver oxide precipitate is formed
Dilute NH39aq) added until precipitate dissolves
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