S01 - Topography of the
Major Features of the Brain
and Spinal Cord
Recognise the major features of the anatomy of
the brain and spinal cord as seen externally and
in coronal and transverse sections and
summarise the major functions of these areas
Lobes
Temporal
Language
Parietal
Movement
Occipital
Vision
Frontal
Planning
Brainstem
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Tegmentum
Tectum
Limbic System
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Describe the major functions of the
cerebral cortex, cerebral white
matter, basal ganglia, diencephalon,
brainstem and cerebellum
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral white matter
Due to myelinated axons - signals
Basal Ganglia
Voluntary control
Action Selection
Which action to select at any one time
Habits
Emotional
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Junctional area for sensory neurones
Hypothalamus
Controls visceral autonomic
nervous system
e.g. fight or flight response
Pineal Gland
Controls circadian rhythm
Pituitary Gland
Endocrine function
Brainstem
Pons
Switchboard connecting
cerebellum to cerebral cortex
Latin for bridge
Medulla
Decussation occurs here
Relay information
Touch
Taste
Hearing
Cerebellum
Movement centre
Identify normal anatomical
features of the brain on images
produced by CT and MRI scanning
CT Scan
MRI scan
Identify and describe the blood supply to and
from the brain and spinal cord on specimens
and angiograms and appreciate its clinical
significance
Brain Blood Supply
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Middle Cerebral Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Spinal Cord
Identify and locate major functional areas
of the cerebellum and brainstem from
external views including the attachments
of cranial nerves.
Functional Areas
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla
Cranial Nerve Attachments
Telencephalon
Olfactory
Diencephalon
Optic
Mesencephalon
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Pons
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Medulla
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
Identify and describe the functional areas
of the spinal cord in transverse section, and
describe the major features that differentiate
spinal segments from different regions
Features of spinal cord
Sections
Locate and identify cranial nerves and their
foramen on specimens, models and diagrams;
and describe the functions of each cranial nerve
Functions and Foramen
Olfactory
Smell
Cribiform Plate
Optic
Sight
Optic canal
Occulomotor
Pupillary muscles and ciliary muscles
Superior Orbital Fissure
Trochlear
Superior Oblique Muscle
Superior Orbital Fissure
Trigeminal
Opthalmic
Sensory; eyes, nose etc.
SOF
Maxillary
Oral and nasal cavities
Foramen Rotundum
Mandibular
Lower lip, cheek, face etc.
Foramen Ovale
Abducent
Lateral Rectus muscle
SOF
Facial Nerve
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
Innervates
Salivary Glands
Facial muscles
Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
Stylomastoid foramen
Vestibulocochlear
Balance and hearing
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Glossopharyngeal
Posterior 1/3 of tongue, carotid body and sinus, palatine tonsils, parotid gland etc.
Jugular foramen
Vagus
Heart, soft palate, larynx
Jugular Foramen
Accessory
SCM and Trapezius
Jugular Foramen
Hypoglossal
Hypoglossal Canal
Hypoglossus, genioglossus and
styloglossus muscles + all intrinsic
muscles of tongue