Cardiovascular Disease

Aneurysm (saccular)
1. Atheroma plaque weakens arteries & increases blood pressure
  1. Blood travels through artery at high pressure
    1. Pushes inner layers through outer elastic layer of the artery
      1. Balloon-like swelling
        This can burst causing Haemorrhage
Thrombosis
1. Atheroma plaque can rupture endothelium
  1. Damages artery wall
    1. leaves a rough surface
      1. Platelets and fibrin build up at the site
        Blood clot (Thrombus)
        Complete blockage
        Dislodged and end up elsewhere
        Debris from clot can cause more clots
Atheroma
1. Artery wall made of multiple layers
  1. Endothelium (inner lining) - Smooth
    1. If damage occurs to Endothelium, lipids and white blood cells clump together to form 'fatty streaks'
      1. Over time, this continues. Connective tissue builds up, this hardens to form fibrous plaque
        Atheroma
        Partial blockage of Lumen
        Restricts blood flow
        Blood pressure may increase
Myocardial Infarction
1. Coronary arteries supply heart
  1. Oxygen for respiration
    1. Myogenic Muscle
    2. If a coronary artery becomes blocked, it receives no oxygen
      1. Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
        Chest pain
        Sweating
        Short of Breath
Risk Factors
1. Cholestrol
  1. <240mg/100cm3
    1. One of the main products that lead to atheromas
      1. Blood clots could block coronary arteries
2. Smoking
  1. CO bonds with haemoglobin
    1. Less oxygen
  2. reduces antioxidants in blood
3. Hypertension
  1. Increases risk of damage to artery walls
    1. Atheroma
  2. Obesity
  3. Alcohol
  4. Lack of exercise
4. Genetic & controlled
  1. Genetic predisposition
    1. e.g. Diabetes
      1. heart arrhythmias

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Cardiovascular Disease

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	Created by joejthomas almost 11 years ago