Enzyme Classification

Annotations:

• Classification

1. Hydrolases
   1. catalyze substrate hydrolysis reaction - addition of water molecule to a bond causing break
      1. Lipases
         1. hydrolysis of ester linkages
      2. Proteases
         1. hydrolysis of peptide linkages
      3. Nucleases
         1. hydrolysis of sugar-phosphate ester bonds in nucleic acids
      4. Carbohydrases
         1. hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds
      5. Phosphatases
         1. hydrolysis of phosphoester bonds
2. Lyases
   1. cleavage without hydrolysis
      1. dehydrases
         1. removal of H2O from substrate
      2. decarboxylases
         1. removal of CO2 from substrate
      3. deaminases
         1. removal of NH3 from substrate
3. Oxidoreductases
   1. Catalyze redox reactions involving substrate molecules(Addition of O or removal of H)
      1. Oxidases
         1. Removal of H molecule
      2. Reductases
         1. Addition of H molecule
      3. Dehydrogenases
         1. with participation of a coenzy,me (NADH, FADH2, NADPH, FMNH2)
4. Ligases
   1. catalyze bonding of 2 substrates with ATP participation
      1. synthetases
         1. formation of new bond between substrates
      2. carboxylases
         1. formation of new bond between substrate and CO2; addition of a Carbon to the backbone
5. Transferases
   1. transfer of a functional group between two substrates
      1. Kinases
         1. transfer of a phosphate group (identified with presence of ATP)
      2. Transaminases
         1. transfer of amino acids
6. Isomerases
   1. conversion of a substrate into an isomer
      1. racemases
         1. D to L isomer
      2. mutases
         1. conversion into a structural isomer
      3. epimerases
         1. one sugar epimer to another