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510547
Situation at the end of WWII
Description
A level Edexcel India 1914-48 Mind Map on Situation at the end of WWII, created by Tom Lea on 28/01/2014.
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edexcel india 1914-48
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Tom Lea
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Tom Lea
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Resource summary
Situation at the end of WWII
Britain
New Labour Govt. May 1945
PM Clement Atlee
Had very close links with Congress
Want to put money towards rebuilding after war not empire
e.g NHS etc
Left wing - more likely to grant independence
Genuinely determined to grant political reform
Unaware of the strength of support for Pakistan mov.
Main aims: Hold elections and form new constitution (restarting democracy)
Churchill voted out
Fear of unrest
Wavell scared Brit too eager to hand power to Congress
Potential unrest due to food and coal shortages
Discontent amongst soldiers who want to return home
When they are demobbed they don't return their weapons
civilian pop now armed and trained in combat
Renewed Civil Dis a real threat to Brit power
Only 50,000 soldiers available in India
Poor morale
INA soldiers and Mutinies
Congress believe that INA soldiers were fighting for freedom of India just in the wrong way
Britain court martialled three senior officers, One Hindu, one muslim one Sikh
British were trying to make the point that the soldiers are traitors without really angering the public
unfortunately this just united opposition against the British
Sentence was transportation for life not death
They then had to back track further and release them
Calcutta and Bombay Mutinies
General Strike in Bombay
20,000 sailors from the Indian army take 80 ships
Britain asks Congress to get the mutineers to ask them to stop
Congress do - they think this will benefit them in the negotiations over who will rule India when the British leave
Shows that Congress have the power over the army not the British
Elections 1946 (For Indian Prov Govts)
Congress won 90% of seats
Gave them power over 8/11 Prov Govts
Muslim League won 75% of Muslim vote
Gives them 90% of reserved Muslim seats
Gained all 30 Muslim seats in the central assembly
Gave them power over 2/11 Prov Govts
Shows Muslims really do want Pakistan - that was what ML had promised to get
Support for Pakistan was strongest in Non-Muslim majority states
They were more likely to feel threatened by the idea of being ruled by Hindus/Congress
Remaining Council (in Punjab) was controlled by Non Muslim coalition
Preparation for partition
British and Nationalists both trying to gauge strength of Pakistan demand
Jan 1946 - fact finding visit from Brit MPs
British and Indians were waiting to see what happened in the elections
Realisation amongst Nationalist leaders Brit are serious about leaving
Private acceptance amongst British that Partition is prob necessary
Wavell interested in making practical prep for partition
Know that Bengal and Punjab will cause problems if split
Amritsar may be cut off in a future Muslim Pakistan
Changing Economics
Britain had previously had monopoly over imports/exports. Indians now got involved and also competition from Jap and US
1928-29 £83million on Brit goods spent by Inds By 1936 had fallen to £39mill
Britain was broke - WWII
Industry had slowed as a result of war
By 1945 £2.37billion owed to India and US by Brit
Reserve Bank of India set up - 1931. Rupee no longer tied to Sterling - Britain can't manipulate the exchange rate to suit them
Had a balance of £1.3billion by 1945
From 1933 Britain paid £1.5/year for the Indian army
Huge reconstruction need in Brit (Bombing damage) also wanted to carry out social reforms
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