Renaissance

1. Leonardo da Vinci

   Annotations:

   • Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an  Italian polymath. Studied many subjects, and was master of sculptor and painter.
   1. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath. Studied many subjects, and was master of sculptor and painter.
      1. Photo Credit: http://webneel.com/leonardo-da-vinci-paintings-drawings
2. Donatello

   Annotations:

   • Donatello was an early Renaissance sculptor from Florence. One of the first sculptor to use the new and more life like style.
   1. Donatello was an early Renaissance sculptor from Florence. One of the first sculptor to use the new and more life like style.
3. Michelangelo

   Annotations:

   • Michelangelo was an ltalian sculptor and painter. He was gifted in both sculptor and painter
   1. Michelangelo was an ltalian sculptor and painter. He was gifted in both sculptor and painter
4. Non Religious Themes
   1. Medieval Art was mostly religious showing Jesus, saints, and people form Bible. Renaissance art show the important of people and nature not just religion
5. Perspective

   Annotations:

   • Perspective in graphic arts is an approximate representation, on a flat surface, of an image as it is seen by the eye.
   1. Perspective in graphic arts is an approximate representation, on a flat surface, of an image as it is seen by the eye.
6. Raphael

   Annotations:

   • Raphael was an was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. Raphael together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
   1. He is Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. Best known for his work, The School of Athen.

1. Renaissance Architect and builders studied Greek and Roman ruins. They are attracted to round arches, straight columns, and domed roofs. Famous building Duomo di Santa Maria del Fiore.
   1. Brunelleschi

      Annotations:

      • Filippo Brunelleschi was an Italian designer leading architecture and engineer of the Renaissance.
      1. Filippo Brunelleschi was an Italian designer leading architecture and engineer of the Renaissance. He invented machine called hoists, to raise building material and complete the famous dome roof opening.

Annotations:

• The way of think sought to balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity and an interest in nature and human society.

1. The way of think sought to balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity and an interest in nature and human society.
   1. Independent thinking
      1. During Renaissance, the spirit of humanist cause people to question old ideas. They began to make their own observation and come out with their own conclusion based on their studies or experiment. They no longer follow blindly what they are being taught or told.
         1. Power of church and kings challenged in Renaissance
            1. During the medieval, the church held direct power in the medieval. In feudal times, a person born peasant will always have less status than a noble.However the Renaissance thinker prized individual achievement more. The humanist new idea and independent thinking will sometimes brought them into conflict with Catholic Church. Thus the church and king often feel challenged by the Renaissant thinker. For example. Galileo's discoveries and support of Copernican theory led him into conflict with the church
2. Petrarch

   Annotations:

   • Petrarch was an Italian scholar and poet in Renaissance Italy, and one of the earliest humanists, and was father of Humanism.
   1. Petrarch was an Italian scholar and poet in Renaissance Italy, and one of the earliest humanists, and was father of Humanism. He create large collection af anciant Latin and Greek writing, which he made available to other scholor.

1. Copernicus

   Annotations:

   • Nicolaus Copernicus was an Polish scientist. He became He became fascinated by astronomy, because he rented rooms from an astronomy teacher. He was skilled in mathematics and observation.
   1. Nicolaus Copernicus was an Polish scientist. He became He became fascinated by astronomy, because he rented rooms from an astronomy teacher. He was skilled in mathematics and observation
2. Medicine
   1. Before understand of the human anatomy will based on studies of animal by Greek physician Galen. Renaissance thinker like Vesalius and Leonardo Da Vinci, made important discoveries by dissecting human bodies.
      1. Vesalius

         Annotations:

         •   1.Andreas Vesalius was an anatomist and physician. 2.Wrote a book "On the structure of the human body" 3. Change medicine and the study of anatomy.
         1. 1.Andreas Vesalius was an anatomist and physician. 2.Wrote a book "On the structure of the human body" 3. Change medicine and the study of anatomy.
3. Galileo
   1. He made important discovery about gravity by proving a heavier and a lighter abject fall at the same rate. He invented his own telescope, discover Venus Phases and realized it was traveling around the sun. This proved Copernican theory of the universe. He write a book called "Dialogue on the Two Chief world systems

1. Machiavelli

   Annotations:

   • Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician. Machiavelli advises rulers to make their states strong by doing what works best, rather than by doing what is good or moral.
   1. Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician. Machiavelli advises rulers to make their states strong by doing what works best, rather than by doing what is good or moral.
2. Medici Family

   Annotations:

   • They the most wealthy and powerful family in Italy. With their vast wealth, they were able to maintain a strong army. They were also great artists, writers, and musicians. They were famous because of their beautiful city.
   1. They the most wealthy and powerful family in Italy. With their vast wealth, they were able to maintain a strong army. They were also great artists, writers, and musicians. They were famous because of their beautiful city.
      1. Patrons

1. Before, most books were written and copied by hand, which were slow and ineffective. Knowledge of paper making, and Chinese printing reached Europe. The invention of printing press helps spread Renaissance idea faster throughout Europe.
   1. Gutenberg
      1. A German who invented printing press that use movable type, and cast his type in metal. This help produce 300 pages in a single day.
      2. Famous Printed Bible
         1. The Gutenberg Bible, also known as 42 line Bible was the first major book printed using mass produced movable type. It marked the start of the Gutenberg Revolution, and the age of the printed book in the West. It is printed by Johannes Gutenburg in Mainz

1. During the Renaissance, people started to learn about the classic art, and culture. They also started to questions old ideas and think independently. This lead to changes in art, literature, science, architecture, politics.

1. In the Late Middle Ages, merchants and crusaders bought back ideas from East including classical learning preserved in the Byzantine empire. This lead to rediscovery of the classical art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome
   1. Ancient Greece and Rome

      Annotations:

      • Renaissance's art is from Ancient Greece and Rome.
      1. Renaissance's art is from Ancient Greece and Rome.

1. Known as the cradle of the Renaissance, home to greatest artist and thinker. Famous building Duomo di Santa Maria del Fiore. Center of commerce and trade.
   1. Picture credit :http://teatriemusei.ovest.com/it/cattedrale-santa-maria-del-fiore.php