51887
Description
Mind Map by Susy Sanchez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Susy Sanchez
over 11 years ago
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Mechanics of Ventilation
- VENTILATION
- Caused by
pressure-Volume
relationship
- Boyle's Law
- P~1/V
- Pressure of gas in inversely proportional
to volume causing inspiration
- Decreased in lung volume raises
intrapulmonary pressure causing
expiration
- P~1/V
- Air moved from
higher pressure to
low pressure
- Caused by
pressure-Volume
relationship
- INTRAPULMONARY &
INTRAPLEURAL
PRESSURE
- At Rest
- Atmospheric pressure
- 760 mmHg
- 760 mmHg
- Alveolar Pressure
- 760mmHg
- 760mmHg
- Atmospheric pressure
- Inspiration
- Atmospheric Pressure
- 760
- 760
- Alveolar Pressure
- 757
- 757
- Atmospheric pressure is greater than
alveolar pressure therefore air will go IN
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Expiration
- Atmospheric pressure
- 760
- 760
- Alveolar Pressure
- 763
- 763
- Atmospheric pressure is less than
alveolar pressure therefore air will go
OUT
- Atmospheric pressure
- At Rest
- ALVEOLAR PRESSURE DROPS
- Diaphragm contracts
- Which Increases VOLUME
- Decreases Pressure
- Air comes
- Air comes
- Decreases Pressure
- Which Increases VOLUME
- Diaphragm contracts
- PNEUMOTHORAX
- Collapsed Lung
- Airs enters into the intrapleural space
through comm. from chest wall
- Occurs because alveolar pressure is
normally greater than the pleural cavity
pressure
- As air escapes from the lung, it recoils and will
begin to collapse
- Because air comes inside pressure
increases
- As air escapes from the lung, it recoils and will
begin to collapse
- Occurs because alveolar pressure is
normally greater than the pleural cavity
pressure
- Airs enters into the intrapleural space
through comm. from chest wall
- Collapsed Lung
- PROPERTIES OF LUNGS
- Ventilation of the lung requires:
- Compliance
- Ability to strecth under pressure (inspiration)
- Lung volume: transmural pressure V/P
- Reduced by factors that cause resistance to distension
- Reduced by factors that cause resistance to distension
- Lung volume: transmural pressure V/P
- High Compliance
- Stretches Easily
- Facillitates lung expansion
- Facillitates lung expansion
- Stretches Easily
- Low Compliance
- Requires more force
- Restrictive lung disease
- Fibrotic lung disease
- Inadequate surfactant production
- Inadequate surfactant production
- Fibrotic lung disease
- Restrictive lung disease
- Requires more force
- Ability to strecth under pressure (inspiration)
- Easticity
- Returning to initial size after
stretch (expiration)
- Elastic recoil after inspiration
- Tension increases during inspiration & is reduced recoil during
expiration
- Tension increases during inspiration & is reduced recoil during
expiration
- Elastic recoil after inspiration
- Returning to initial size after
stretch (expiration)
- Surface Tension
- Promotes alveolar collapse & resist distension
- Lung secrete & absorb ions and water
- Lung secrete & absorb ions and water
- Absorption
- Osmosis driven by Na+ active transport INWARD across
alveolar endothelium
- Osmosis driven by Na+ active transport INWARD across
alveolar endothelium
- Secretion
- Osmosis driven by active transport
of Cl- OUTWARD
- Osmosis driven by active transport
of Cl- OUTWARD
- Surface Tension
- H2O molecules are attached
to other H20 molecules with
increase alveolar pressure
- H2O molecules are attached
to other H20 molecules with
increase alveolar pressure
- Promotes alveolar collapse & resist distension
- Compliance
- Ventilation of the lung requires:
- SURFACTANT
- Production begins in fetal life
- Phospholipid DPPC proteins
- Type II alveolar cells of lung into single alveolus
- More concentrated in small alveolus
- Increases pulmonary Compliance
- Without surfactant, small alveoli collapse into larger
alveoli (reducing compliance
- Without surfactant, small alveoli collapse into larger
alveoli (reducing compliance
- More concentrated in small alveolus
- Type II alveolar cells of lung into single alveolus
- Phospholipid DPPC proteins
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- <34 WEEKS
- Have trouble inflating lungs
- Have trouble inflating lungs
- <34 WEEKS
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Sepsis bacterial infection
- Decreased compliance & surface secretion
- impaired gas exchange
- Death due to muti-organ failure
- Death due to muti-organ failure
- impaired gas exchange
- Sepsis bacterial infection
- is also impaired with
Emphysema &
Pulmonary fibrosis
- Production begins in fetal life
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