Haemopoeisis

Description

Paediatrics (Haematological disorders) Mind Map on Haemopoeisis, created by v.djabatey on 31/01/2014.
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Mind Map by v.djabatey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by v.djabatey almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Haemopoeisis
  1. process that maintains lifelong productn of blood cells
    1. main site
      1. in fetal life
        1. =liver
        2. postnatal life
          1. = bone marrow
        3. origin of all haematopoeitic cells
          1. = pluripotent haemopoietic stem cells
            1. crucial for normal bone productn
              1. deficiency-> bone marrow failure
                1. need stem cells to continuously replace dying cells
              2. can be used for Rx
                1. e.g. stem cell transplantation into kids w/ bone marrow failure
            2. in the fetus
              1. types of Hb
                1. btw 4 & 8 week's gestation
                  1. embryonic Hb
                    1. Hb Gower 1
                      1. 2 xi chains & 2 episilon chains
                      2. Hb Gower 2
                        1. 2 alpha chains & 2 episilon chains
                        2. Hb Portland
                          1. 2 xi chains & 2 gamma chains
                      3. > 8 weeks' gestation
                        1. HbF (fetal Hb)
                          1. main Hb during fetal life
                            1. composition
                              1. 2 alpha chains & 2 gamma chains
                              2. higher affinity than adult Hb
                                1. so holds on to O2 better
                                  1. imp cos fetal env hypoxic
                        2. in newborn
                          1. types of Hb present @ birth (all 3)
                            1. HbF
                              1. =74%
                              2. HbA
                                1. =25%
                                2. HbA2
                                  1. =1%
                                3. type of Hb present in 1st year of life
                                  1. HbF replaced by HbA & HbA2
                                  2. Hb value
                                    1. at birth
                                      1. high
                                        1. cos compensating for low [O2] in fetus
                                        2. 14-21.5 g/dl
                                        3. in 1st few weeks
                                          1. falls
                                            1. 10g/dl @ 2 months old
                                              1. pretermies have steeper fall
                                                1. 6.5 -9g/dl at 4-8 weeks chronological age
                                            2. higher WCC than in older kids
                                              1. 10-25 x 10^9/L
                                              2. platelets counts @ birth are in normal range
                                                1. 150-400 x 10^9/L
                                              3. children 1 year and above
                                                1. Hb types
                                                  1. HbA
                                                    1. =97%
                                                    2. HbA2
                                                      1. =25%
                                                      2. proportion of HbF
                                                        1. very low in healthy kids
                                                          1. if increased is sensitive indicator of haemoglobinopathies
                                                      3. normal av blood vol varies w/ gest age
                                                        1. healthy term infants
                                                          1. 80ml/kg
                                                          2. preterm infants
                                                            1. 100 ml/kg
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