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Language and power
Description
english Mind Map on Language and power, created by madallen6344 on 21/04/2013.
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english
Mind Map by
madallen6344
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
madallen6344
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Language and power
Types of power
Political (held by someone with the backing of the law
Personal (held due to someone's role in an organisation)
Social group (held due to being a member of a dominant group)
Instrumental (used to maintain and enforce authority)
Influential (used to influence or persuade)
Fairclough (2001)
Power in discourse (ways in which power is manifested in situations through language)
Power behind discourse (social and ideological reasons behind how power is used)
Critical linguists/discourse analysis (fairclough) say no example of language use is neutral - always has elements of an ideological viewpoint
Keywords
Ideology - set of belief systems or views held by individuals/ groups
Power in spoken discourse
power asymmetry (marked difference in power status)
unequal encounter (highlights power one speaker has over another)
Powerful participant - higher status, imposes a degree of power)
less powerful participant less status
Constraints (ways powerful participants block or control less powerful ones
Face
persons self esteem/ emotional needs
Positive face (nee to feel wanted)
Negative face (nee to have freedom of thought)
Verbs
Epistemic modality (express possibility, probability or certainty)
Deontic modality (express necessity and obligation)
Frame works
Discourse
how is text organised
what devices are used to assist meaning
Lexis and semantics
vocab choices
lexical fields
relationship between words (synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy)
formality of lexical choices
use of pronouns to establish relationship with reader
Grammar
what verb processes dominate
epistemic/ deontic used?
declaritive/ imperitive sentences?
Pragmatics
relationship between producer and reciever?
implied author and reader
conversational strategies
implied/shared meanings?
ideological assumptions
Power in advertising
persuasive
powerful
1) synthetic personalisation (way things use second person pronoun 'you' to make a relationship between producer and receiver)
2) members resources (background knowledge that readers use to interpret texts drawn out by producers)
3) building the consumer (puts receiver in desired position)
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