Physics [4] Revision: Radiation

Radiation Types
1. Alpha
  1. Cannot penetrate 1cm of Paper
  2. Helium Particle: Two Protons and Two Neutrons
  3. Causes the most harm if IN body; like a wrecking ball
    1. Alexander Linkenov
  4. Americanium is used in Smoke alarms
2. Beta
  1. Can Penetrate 1cm of Paper but is stopped by Aluminium
  2. An Electron
  3. Is used in paper mills to determine thickness
3. Gamma
  1. Cannot penetrate thick lead
    1. Electromagnetic wave: Highest Frequency
  2. Used to sterilize medical equipment
  3. Given off by radioactive materials: Harder to control
  4. Can be used to treat cancers
  5. Both are Ionising and have similar wavelengths
X-rays
1. Electromagnetic Wave: 2nd Highest Frequency
2. Ionising radiation given off by the radiation can be absorbed by skin and bone depending on the density.
  1. They usually pass through the skin and flesh
  2. Absorbed by bone
    1. So Bone images are seen making it easier to see fractures etc
3. X-Ray Machine
  2. 'manufactures' X rays
    1. A hot Cathode emits electrons
      1. These are attracted to a tungsten anode
        When they collide the kinetic energy is transferred into heat and X-Rays
  3. Can control the intensity and energy the X-Ray has
Fission and Fusion
1. Fission
  1. Common
  2. Splitting of nuclear particles which creates some energy
  3. Chain Reaction wherin the reaction keeps on going
  4. Cheaper option
  5. Utilised Uranium 235
    1. Joins with U-236 which is Unstable to begin a chain reaction
2. Fusion
  1. Joining of Nuclear Atoms
  2. Reactions that take part in the SUN
  3. Requires a LOT of HEAT: 10,000,000 OC
    1. This makes it impractical as no material can withstand the pressure nor create such environment
      1. Cannot be controlled safely
    2. Experimental reactors are in construction
      1. One is being created in Oxford University
      2. The largest is JET (Joint European Torus)

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Physics [4] Revision: Radiation

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	Created by Hanzalah Ravat over 8 years ago