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Classification and naming species
1. Classification
  1. Classification = shared characteristics
    1. Characteristics can be:
      1. Unique
        Feathers
      2. Shared
        Backbone
2. Vertebrates
  1. Phylum Chordata
    1. Backbone(supportive rod)
  2. Fish
    1. Gills ; Oviparous ; Exteranal ; Cold-blooded
  3. Amphibians
    1. Moist skin + Lungs ; Oviparous ; External : Cold-blooded
  4. Reptiles
    1. Lungs ; Oviparous ; Internal ; Cold-blooded
  5. Birds
    1. Lungs ; Oviparous ; Internal ; Feathers ; Warm-Blooded
  6. Mammals
    1. Lungs ; Vivaparous ; Internal ; Warm-Blooded
  7. Types of heat control
    1. Cold-blooded = Poikilotherm
    2. Warm-blooded = Homeotherm
  8. Types of reproduction
    1. Internal = Sexual intercourse
    2. External = Release sperm on eggs
  9. Types of offspring
    1. Vivaparous = Live young
    2. Oviparous = eggs
3. Kingdoms
  1. All living organims belong to these kingdoms
    1. Animalia
      1. Multicelluar ; No chlorophyll ; No cell wall ; Heterotrophic
    2. Plantae
      1. Multicelluar ; Chlorophyll ; Celluose cell wall ; Autotrophic
    3. Fungi
      1. Multicelluar ; Non-Celluose cell wall ; Saprotrophic
    4. Protocista
      1. Mostly unicelluar ; nucleus
    5. Prokaryotes
      1. Unicelluar ; No nucleus
  2. Virus cannot be classified by scientists in any of the kingdoms because it doesent show any sign of life
    1. M R s . G R E N
4. Species + Bionomial classification
  1. Species are defined as a group of organims which have the same characteristics(with variation) which are capable of breeding together to produce fertile offspring
    1. The offspring of two different species is considered a hybrid.
      1. Usually infertile
    2. Complications with the definiiton of species are present
      1. Not all hybrids are infertile
      2. Not all organisms produce sexually with other members
        They could produce asexually
  2. All organisms have a two-part(bionomial) name.
    1. This system prevents confusion over having so many different names for the same species
    2. Latin, so people over the world could communicate.
    3. Helps to recognise areas of great biodiversity that should be targets for conservation efforts
      1. Biodiversity = the variation of species in an area
Identificatiion, variation and adaptation
1. Key
  1. Opposite statments with usually a boolean answer, unless there is more than 2 answers aviable
2. Members of the same species have different characteristics. Fore xample, humans vary in hair colour or height. This is called variation
  1. There are two types of variation. Continuous or Discontinuous
    1. In continuos variation, characteristics are spread over a range of values.
      1. Height in humans is an example
      2. There is a full range of 'in-betweens' (intermediates)
    2. In discontinuos variation, there are no intermediates, but rather groups (categories).
      1. Such as whether a person can tounge-roll or not
3. Variation such as seen in hybrid duks make classification complicated because the characteristics shown can look like a complete different species.
4. Ring species refer to a chain of related species that are closely connected geagraphically.
5. Adaptations are the characteristics of an organism that enable it to survive
  1. Animals living in cold regions are usually larger than those living in warmer environments
    1. Large bodies have a smaller surface area relative to their mass than smaller ones. Heat is lost from the body at its surface, so if a body is larger, it loses less heat.
  2. Some species of bacteria have adapted in order to live in the extreme environments around deep-sea hydrothermal vents, where temperatures can reach up to more than 90 degrees C
    1. Adaptation of these bacteria allow them to use a chemical produced by the vents to produce energy
      1. Hydrogen sulfide

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