5460357
Outline and evaluate one form of
institutional aggression (WITHIN
GROUPS: PRISONS)
- Importation Theory AO1
- Irwin & Cressey (1962)
- Claimed prisoners brought their own behavioural
characteristics and experiences into prison with
them, rather than being ‘blank slates’
- Claimed prisoners brought their own behavioural
characteristics and experiences into prison with
them, rather than being ‘blank slates’
- Allender &
Marcell (2003)
- Found that gang members are more
likely to engage in prison violence
than those who do not belong to a
gang, suggesting that the experience
of prison itself has little effect on
levels of aggressive behaviour
- Found that gang members are more
likely to engage in prison violence
than those who do not belong to a
gang, suggesting that the experience
of prison itself has little effect on
levels of aggressive behaviour
- Huff (1998)
- Gang members are 10x more
likely to murder and 3x more
likely to commit assault in public
than non-gang members
- Gang members are 10x more
likely to murder and 3x more
likely to commit assault in public
than non-gang members
- Fischer (2001)
- Isolating known gang members in
special management units reduced
violence by 50% across a prison
population
- Isolating known gang members in
special management units reduced
violence by 50% across a prison
population
- Irwin & Cressey (1962)
- Deprivation Theory AO1
- McCorkle et al (1995)
- Found that
overcrowding, lack of
privacy and lack of
meaningful activity all
significantly influence
peer violence, often
because the prisoners
develop boredom and
frustration at the
amount of time they are
confined for
- Found that
overcrowding, lack of
privacy and lack of
meaningful activity all
significantly influence
peer violence, often
because the prisoners
develop boredom and
frustration at the
amount of time they are
confined for
- Paterline & Peterson
(1999)
- When the
prison is
more
crowded
this leads to
more fear
and
frustration,
which
increases
the
likelihood of
aggressive
behaviour
- When the
prison is
more
crowded
this leads to
more fear
and
frustration,
which
increases
the
likelihood of
aggressive
behaviour
- Wilson
- Found that the more
overcrowded a prison
was, the more
violence occurred
- Found that the more
overcrowded a prison
was, the more
violence occurred
- HMP Woodhill
- Found that
changing
the
conditions
within the
prison to
include
toughened
glass walls-
which gave
a sense of
a more
spacious
prison
- Found that
changing
the
conditions
within the
prison to
include
toughened
glass walls-
which gave
a sense of
a more
spacious
prison
- Sykes (1958)
- Described the deprivations experienced
by inmates as the ‘pains of
imprisonment’, including loss of
autonomy and the loss of security. He
suggested this raises anxiety in inmates
and could therefore increase violence
- Described the deprivations experienced
by inmates as the ‘pains of
imprisonment’, including loss of
autonomy and the loss of security. He
suggested this raises anxiety in inmates
and could therefore increase violence
- McCorkle et al (1995)
- Importation Theory AO2
- DeLisi (2004)
- Found gang experience prior to going to prison
had no effect on the likelihood of engaging in
prison violence, however this may be because
gang members are often separated into special
management units when they are imprisoned
- Found gang experience prior to going to prison
had no effect on the likelihood of engaging in
prison violence, however this may be because
gang members are often separated into special
management units when they are imprisoned
- Harer and Steffensmeier
(2006) (Real life app)
- Collection of data from 58 US prisons that found
that black inmates had significantly higher rates
of violent behaviour but lower rates of alcohol
related and drug-related misconduct than white
inmates. These patterns parallel racial differences
in these behaviours in US society and so support
the importation model
- Collection of data from 58 US prisons that found
that black inmates had significantly higher rates
of violent behaviour but lower rates of alcohol
related and drug-related misconduct than white
inmates. These patterns parallel racial differences
in these behaviours in US society and so support
the importation model
- DeLisi (2004)
- IDA
- Determinism
- The theory suggests that violence in prisons
is solely the result of the conditions in the
prisons, and ignores other factors, such as
the prisoner’s perceived rewards of
committing the acts of violence (e.g. respect)
- The theory suggests that violence in prisons
is solely the result of the conditions in the
prisons, and ignores other factors, such as
the prisoner’s perceived rewards of
committing the acts of violence (e.g. respect)
- Reductionism
- The theory could also be considered
reductionist in terms of its lack of
consideration for a range of
personal factors, such as locus of
control and individual differences.
The theory also ignores biological
factors such as genetic history,
neurological imbalances and
gender, all of which can increase
the likelihood of an individual
acting aggressively
- The theory could also be considered
reductionist in terms of its lack of
consideration for a range of
personal factors, such as locus of
control and individual differences.
The theory also ignores biological
factors such as genetic history,
neurological imbalances and
gender, all of which can increase
the likelihood of an individual
acting aggressively
- Determinism
- Deprivation Theory AO2
- Poole and Ragoli (1983)
- Suggested that the best indicator of
violence among young offenders was
pre-institutional violence, regardless of
the conditions within the prison
- Suggested that the best indicator of
violence among young offenders was
pre-institutional violence, regardless of
the conditions within the prison
- Nijman (1999)
- Contradicted
Wilson’s claims
that personal
space reduced
violence by
suggesting it made
no difference in
levels of
frustration,
however Nijman’s
study was focused
on psychiatric
wards in hospitals
- Contradicted
Wilson’s claims
that personal
space reduced
violence by
suggesting it made
no difference in
levels of
frustration,
however Nijman’s
study was focused
on psychiatric
wards in hospitals
- Poole and Ragoli (1983)
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