Rent is £2 in slums compared with the £40 in the city
while income averages £12
Rents for suburban apartments higher than in
London/New York
Call workers only earn $5000/yr
+1000 migrant per day
Indias largest port where 40% of there exports travel from
20% of Indias manufacturing with
10% of all its factories
Transport: 2 transcontinental railways
40% of international flights
World City = city that acts as a center for trade,
business, science and culture.
Megacity = a city with a population over 10 million eg, Mumbai,
Tokyo... Currently 28 across the world.
Alpha++ : New York, London, Tokyo
Alpha+: Paris, Hong Kong, Beijing
Alpha: Brussels, Mumbai, LA
25% of Frances
GDP from Paris
40% of UK's GDP
from London
Suburbanisation
Retail Centers
Trafford
Positives
Easy access via the M60 and M62
11500 free parking spaces
1600 seat food court
Over 280 shops including chain stores (eg, Selfridges)
Over 8% in catchment
Metro link with 40 runs/hr
20 screen cinema
Climbing wall,
Laser Quest
Football courts
Indoor Skydiving (Airkix)
Chill Factor
Provides over 8000 jobs
Royal Childrens Hospital
Encouraged renewable in the city center of Altringham
Negatives
Over 80% drive - exclusive to drivers
Vacancies increased in Altringham to 37% (3x average)and many local shops displaced
Investment in the city center decreased for a time
Cost an initial £600 million
Worth £13 million/yr
Los Angeles
International Airport (6th most used in world)
Over half a million arrived in 40 yrs
Now over 21 million in population (conurbation)
Hollywood appeal, Disneyland, Universal Studios
Californian SunBelt
Issues
Half of the water
lost
Nearly 900
golf
courses
which use
900 mil
gallons of
water
Produces 50,000 tonnes are waste/yr
Only 10% use public transport (4x less
than in London)
2 hrs from outskirts to CBD
Donut city effect with run down center. High dereliction,
crime, vacancies and dormitory housing
Electric
Tramway
Green, open space
PLAN cost $2.2 bn and is helping to increase renewables from 20% to 33%, build a BRT,
restore brownfield sites, increase parks and build affordable housing. Has helped to improve tourism.
Oil, car (Ford) and aircraft
industry
Suburbiton
Attractions include transport link (18 mins to London), Close to the A3, quality housing and state schools and parks
Issues
70% car ownership causes congestion
40% drive to work every day increasing pollution
House prices are 2x average
London Travel Zone 6 = train fares are expensive
Solutions
Travel Zone 5
New bike storage units and pedestrian access
Parking bays and set delivery times
Counter Urbanisation
St. Ives (Cambridgeshire)
Reasons
70 miles north of London
Electric Railway taking only 45
mins to London
A14 to London
Over 25% commute to London
Attractive with the River Ouse
Issues
Over 1000 new houses at risk from flooding
House prices increased from£130000 to £290000 in 10 yrs
Demand for new housing and conversions along the River
Pressure on local schools and nurseries
Local corner shops being replaced by chain brands
Management
200 new homes
approved. 75 affordable
eg social rents or
low-cost ownership
240 places in local primary school
and more jobs for teachers
Employment in local
stores
Flood protections of embankments
and wallscosting £8.8 million
£116 million
guided
busway and
new
electrified
train station
aka Rural Urban Turnaround
Redevelopment
Gentrification
Islington and
Notting Hill
Old Victorian and Georgian housing
Close to Londons city center
Initial pricing to buy cheap
Nearby Angel Underground station
Effects
From £130000 to over 4x as expensive in 20 yrs
Locals displaced by higher costs and social housing up to 50%
Local businesses closed as replaced by brand stores
Wealth gap one of highest
8th most deprived area
2nd highest child poverty
High unemployment and high crime
Ownership from just 7% to 34% in 50 yrs
Professionals in area increased 27% in 10 yrs
More stores complying to the London
living wage of £8.30/hr
New East Manchester URC
and Partnership
Sport Led via the 2004 Common Wealth
New Veledrome, National Squash Center, Olympic swimming pool
Sport City with 10 new urban parks and 12 community gardens
Sport City Link with 3 Metro Lines
Surrounding Gentrification in New Islington with 5000
new affordable homes and 6700 improved homes
2 Health Centers
School attendance went to record high and
unemployment from 14% to 6%
30,000 new jobs created (600 trained) and
another 200 in new ASDA
Benefits claimants went from 20% to under 10%
London Docklands UDC
Canary Wharf with tri nuclear CBD and the HSBC HQ. Total of 2700
businesses worth £7.7bn
100000 commuters/day
Unemployment from 14% to 7%
120000 new jobs in newly built facilities like shopping complexes
Docklands Light Railway
over 35000 passengers
2 new links through
the city sutting times
to 20 mins
Safer pedestrian and cycle routes
5 new health centers and a sailing
and watersports center (£100 mil
spent)
Docks restored with 20000
new trees planted and 3
urban parks
Sustainability
Management
Reduce
5p bag charge (reduced use by 70% in UK)
Reuse
Packaging and product lifespan
Recover
Recycling, composting and incineration
Disposal
Landfill (should be reduced to 35% by 2020)
Curitiba
Transport
Bus Rapid Tranport system
1.4 million passengers per day (80% of commuters)
1,900 buses
Runs on biodiesel - lowest air pollution in Brazil
Bi-articulated buses that can carry 127 people including diabled
Tube bus stations to minimise loading times
Same fee from any destination
Colour schemed to create easy system to use
Arterial plan through the city with green corridors
Over 200km of new cycle route
Within 400m of every house
Waste
Green Exchange system
Employs over 200 lorry drivers
Poor receive clothing and food for recycling
Bin collection for narrower streets
Recycles 80% of its waste
London
Transport
Congestion
Charge 2003
£11.50
£65-£195 charges
£2.6 bn revenue after 10 yrs
5% went to renewing bus routes and a 12%
increase in bus use
Congestion
reduced by 33%
and transport time
down 30%
CO2 and
NO2 fell
by 20%
and 17%
Borris
Bikes 2010
£2 deposit for 24 hrs,
30mins free ride with
over 11500 bikes and 570
docking stations
Barclays to Santander
Blind spot
reduced by 30%
due to safety
lasers
33% reduction in accidents
Revenue over £330000 in first 100 days
49% promoted to cycle
BedZED 2000-2002
100 homes/workspace for 100
90% less energy for heating
45% less electricity
11% solar powered
60% waste recycled
65% less car milage
777m2 solar panels
300mm insulation
jackets and triple glazing
Face south with rainwater
harvesting and recycling
Use LEDs
Offices north facing to
minimise air con
Green transport, charging points
for electric cars and car pooling
All material sources in 50m radius
Powerplant uses tree cuttings as power source
LEDC's
China
PM2.5 air quality 25X limit
200 days of smog in Hangzhou
Lung cancer 3X average
Mist cannons
worth $90000
each
Number Plate
lottery and
cap on new
cars
Kenya
Door to door pick up service
only £0.17 and drop off for half