5507272
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Mind Map by leeannereid97, updated more than 1 year ago
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Thermal Physics
- Solids, Liquids and Gasses
- Energy change = mass x
specific heat capacity x
change in temperature
- Specific Heat Capacity -
Energy needed to raise 1 kg
of a substance by 1K
- Specific Heat Capacity -
Energy needed to raise 1 kg
of a substance by 1K
- Solids - Fixed positions, strong attraction between
molecules
- Liquid - constantly moving, attraction between
molecules
- Gas - constant random motion, no
attraction
- Specific Latent Heat of fusion of vaporisation
is the thermal energy required to change the
state of 1kg of a substance
- Energy change = SLH x
mass
- Energy change = SLH x
mass
- Energy change = mass x
specific heat capacity x
change in temperature
- Ideal
Gasses
- Boyle's Law:
pV=constant
- Charles' Law:
V/T=constant
- Pressure Law: p/T =
constant
- - Large number of molecules in rapid random motion - Collision between molecules are elastic -
Gravitational force is negligible - no intermolecular forces except during collisions - total volumes
of molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the container -
- pV=nRT n-number of moles, R-molar gas
constant
- R = 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1
- R = 8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1
- pV=NkT N-number of molecules, k-Boltzmann's
constant
- k = R/Avagadro's constant = 1.38x10
JK^-1
- Avagadro's constant = 6.02x10^23
mol^1
- Avagadro's constant = 6.02x10^23
mol^1
- For one molecule of
gas
- k = R/Avagadro's constant = 1.38x10
JK^-1
- Boyle's Law:
pV=constant
- Pressure of Ideal Gasses
- Pressure is the combined force of all the molecules colliding with
the walls of the container at any given time
- The force a particle exerts in proportion to it's change of
momentum (2 x mass x velocity) when it rebound of a wall
- The force a particle exerts in proportion to it's change of
momentum (2 x mass x velocity) when it rebound of a wall
- c bar squared is the square of the mean speed of a
particle
- Real gasses are closest to ideal gasses when the pressure is low but the temperature is
high
- Pressure is the combined force of all the molecules colliding with
the walls of the container at any given time
- Internal Energy
andTemperature
- Change of state is a change in Internal energy, but not
temperature because molecules gain potential energy, not
kinetic
- Thermal energy is always transferred from higher temperature regions to
lower ones
- The higher the temperature - both the average and maximum speeds increase, and the
speed distribution in the gas also increases
- When particles collide, sometimes they can either gain or lose speed (and energy), this doesn't alter
the total energy in the system
- Internal Energy is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in the
system
- E=(3/2)kT
- Average kinetic energy is proportional to Boltzmann's constant x absolute
temperature
- Average kinetic energy is proportional to Boltzmann's constant x absolute
temperature
- Change of state is a change in Internal energy, but not
temperature because molecules gain potential energy, not
kinetic
- K = C + 273
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