569277
Description
Mind Map by diana.m1629, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by diana.m1629
almost 11 years ago
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Psychological
explanations of SZ
- COGNITIVE
THEORIES
- maladaptive thinking
linked to symptoms
- Acknowledges role of bio
factors in creating initial
sensory experiences.
- schizophrenics seek advice from
others, but when they fail to confirm
reality of experiences, they start to
think people are hiding the truth i.e.
delusions of persecution
- provides vital link
between biological
& psychological
explanations,
providing better
understanding of
SZ & leads to
development of
better therapies.
- machine
produces virtual
hallucinations
to show the SZ
that their
hallucinations
are not real.
- machine
produces virtual
hallucinations
to show the SZ
that their
hallucinations
are not real.
- provides vital link
between biological
& psychological
explanations,
providing better
understanding of
SZ & leads to
development of
better therapies.
- neural circuits involving limbic
system involved in inability of SZ's to
integrate sensory inputs with stored
memories. distress leads to
dopamine production which then
influences the functioning of these
brain areas, suggesting a link
between biological & cognitive factors
- support from
study finding link
between excess
dopamine in
prefrontal cortex &
working memory.
- support from
study finding link
between excess
dopamine in
prefrontal cortex &
working memory.
- schizophrenics seek advice from
others, but when they fail to confirm
reality of experiences, they start to
think people are hiding the truth i.e.
delusions of persecution
- Hemsley's model
proposes breakdown
in cognitive
processing, leading
to schemas not
being activated.
- sensory
overload
- can't
determine
what to
attend to
or ignore
- leading to delusions & thoughts seem not to originate
from memory so interpreted as arising externally i.e.
disordered thinking/experiences of control.
- inclusion of cognitive impairement in
diagnostic criteria would improve validity
& treatment by targeting cognitive
enhancement as a primary goal.
- study found people with SZ perform poorly
on test where desire to read colour a word is
written in is suppressed in order to read out
the actual word. suggest positive symptoms
for SZ are a failure of willed action, with
behaviour determined by irrelevant stimuli.
- study found people with SZ perform poorly
on test where desire to read colour a word is
written in is suppressed in order to read out
the actual word. suggest positive symptoms
for SZ are a failure of willed action, with
behaviour determined by irrelevant stimuli.
- inclusion of cognitive impairement in
diagnostic criteria would improve validity
& treatment by targeting cognitive
enhancement as a primary goal.
- leading to delusions & thoughts seem not to originate
from memory so interpreted as arising externally i.e.
disordered thinking/experiences of control.
- can't
determine
what to
attend to
or ignore
- sensory
overload
- Acknowledges role of bio
factors in creating initial
sensory experiences.
- maladaptive thinking
linked to symptoms
- FAMILY
RELATIONSHIPS
- Contradictory messages
from parents prevent
development of internally
coherent construction of
reality
- withdrawal &
flattened affect
- studies found that
schizophrenics
reported higher
recall of double bind
than
non-schozophrenics
- recall
may
have
been
affected
by their
SZ
- other studies found no difference
in parental communication
between normal families &
families with SZ child.
- recall
may
have
been
affected
by their
SZ
- studies found that
schizophrenics
reported higher
recall of double bind
than
non-schozophrenics
- withdrawal &
flattened affect
- SZ associated with
high degree of EE
(hostility, criticism etc.)
- patients returning
to families with
high EE are 4 x
more likely to
relapse
- supports idea that
high EE contirbutes
to development &
persistence of SZ.
- supports idea that
high EE contirbutes
to development &
persistence of SZ.
- negative climate leads to
stress beyond their already
impaired coping mechanisms.
- more empirical
support than
double bind
theory.
- issue of whether EE is cause or
effect of SZ. EE may occur due to
stresses & conflicts associated
with living with a SZ. rather than
contributing to its onset.
- adoption study found kids with SZ bio parents were more likely
to become ill themselves, but this only emerged when the
adopted family was rated as disturbed. Illness only manifested
itself under appropriate environmental conditions, supporting
importance of family relationships in development.
- adoption study found kids with SZ bio parents were more likely
to become ill themselves, but this only emerged when the
adopted family was rated as disturbed. Illness only manifested
itself under appropriate environmental conditions, supporting
importance of family relationships in development.
- issue of whether EE is cause or
effect of SZ. EE may occur due to
stresses & conflicts associated
with living with a SZ. rather than
contributing to its onset.
- leads to effective family therapies where relatives shown how to reduce levels
of high EE. found such therapies significantly reduce relapse rates, supporting
the theory that this may be a cause for SZ.
- more empirical
support than
double bind
theory.
- patients returning
to families with
high EE are 4 x
more likely to
relapse
- Contradictory messages
from parents prevent
development of internally
coherent construction of
reality
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