Personal Computer

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Kyeopta Cisco IT Essentials Mind Map on Personal Computer, created by 애스톤 (Aston) on 06/03/2014.
애스톤 (Aston)
Mind Map by 애스톤 (Aston), updated more than 1 year ago
애스톤 (Aston)
Created by 애스톤 (Aston) over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Personal Computer
  1. Introduction
    1. A computer is an electronic machine that performs calculations based on a set of instructions.
      1. A computer system consists of hardware and software components.
        1. Hardware is the physical equipment. It includes the case, storage drives, keyboards, monitors, cables, speakers, and printers.
          1. Software includes the operating system and programs.
        2. Cases
          1. The computer case contains the framework to support the internal components while providing an enclosure for added protection. Computer cases are typically made of plastic, steel, or aluminum and are available in a variety of styles.
            1. Cases also provide an environment designed to keep the internal components cool.
            2. Several factors must be considered when choosing a case: Size of the motherboard, Number of external or internal drive locations and Available space
            3. Power Supplies
              1. The power supply must provide enough power for the components that are currently installed and allow for other components that may be added at a later time.
                1. If you choose a power supply that powers only the current components, you might need to replace the power supply when other components are upgraded.
                2. Internal PC Components
                  1. Motherboards
                    1. The motherboard is the main printed circuit board and contains the buses, or electrical pathways, found in a computer.
                      1. The form factor of motherboards pertains to the size and shape of the board. It also describes the physical layout of the different components and devices on the motherboard.
                      2. CPUs
                        1. The central processing unit (CPU) is considered the brain of the computer.
                          1. Most calculations take place in the CPU, the most important element of a computer system.
                            1. The CPU socket or slot is the connection between the motherboard and the processor.
                            2. Cooling Systems
                              1. The flow of current between the electronic components generates heat.
                                1. Computer components perform better when kept cool.
                                  1. Increasing the air flow in the computer case allows more heat to be removed.
                                  2. ROM
                                    1. Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located on the motherboard and other circuit boards.
                                      1. Contain instructions that can be directly accessed by a CPU such as booting the computer and loading the operating system.
                                      2. RAM
                                        1. RAM is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU.
                                          1. Volatile memory,the contents are erased when the computer is powered off.
                                            1. More RAM = More capacity to hold and process large programs and files. Enhances system performance.
                                          2. External Ports
                                            1. Video Ports
                                              1. Connects a monitor to a computer using a cable.
                                                1. Transfer analog signals, digital signals, or both.
                                                2. Common Ports & Cables
                                                  1. Serial, USB, FireWire, Parallel, SCSI, Network, PS/2, Audio
                                                3. Input and Output devices
                                                  1. Input Devices
                                                    1. An input device enters data or instructions into a computer.
                                                      1. E.g: Mouse, Keyboard ,Gamepad, Digital camera....
                                                      2. Output Devices
                                                        1. An output device presents information to the user from a computer.
                                                          1. E.g: Monitors and projectors, Printers, Fax machines, Headphones...
                                                        2. Electricity & Ohm's Law
                                                          1. These are the four basic units of electricity: Voltage (V), Current (I), Power (P), Resistance (R).
                                                            1. Voltage is a measure of work required to move a charge from one location to another. Voltage is measured in volts (V). A computer power supply usually produces several different voltages.
                                                              1. Current is a measure of the amount of electrons moving through a circuit per second. Current is measured in amperes, or amps (A).
                                                                1. Power is a measure of the work required to move electrons through a circuit (voltage), multiplied by the number of electrons going through that circuit per second (current). The measurement is called watts (W). Computer power supplies are rated in watts.
                                                                  1. Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit, measured in ohms. Lower resistance allows more current to flow through a circuit.

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