Chapter 3

Chapter 3

Neurons
1. Axons
  1. Fibres that carry signals away from the cell
2. Dendrites
  1. Branching structures that receive signals
3. Soma
  1. The Neurons body Contains the Nucleus and the Nucleous
4. Myelin Sheath
  1. Insulating materal
5. Terminal Buttons
  1. Knobs on the end of Axons that release Neurotransmitters
6. Synapse
  1. A gap where information is transmitted from one Neuron to the other
7. Neurotransmitters
  1. Chemical Signals
8. Neuron Potentials
  1. Resting Potential
  2. Action Potential
9. All-or-none Law
  1. A Neuron either fires or does not fire
10. Absolute Refractory Period
  1. A waiting period between Action Periods
Brain and Behaviour
1. Midbrain
  1. Integrating vision and hearing, also releases dopamine and is responsible for motor control and bodytemperature
2. Forebrain
  1. Cerebrum
    1. Cerebral Cortex
      1. Frontal Lobe
        Carries out the higher mental processes
      2. Parietal Lobe
        Touch and some language processing
      3. Occipital Lobe
        Visual Processing
      4. Temporal Lobe
        Hearing and most language processing
    2. Cerebral Hemisperes
      1. Left Hemispere
        Language and logical processes
        Controls the right side of the body
      2. Right Hemispere
        Spatial Perception
        Controls the left side of the body
    3. Corpus Callosum
      1. Communication between the two Hemispheres
  2. Hypotahalamus
    1. Regulates biological needs
  3. Thalamus
    1. Most sensory info must pas through here to get to the cerebral cortex
  4. Hippocampus
    1. Memory and ANS
  5. Amygdala
    1. Emotions, Survival and memory
3. Hindbrain
  1. Cerebellum
    1. Organizes sensory information and helps coordinate movement
  2. Pons
    1. Connects the brain and the Cerebellum
  3. Medulla
    1. Connects the brain and the spinal cord
Nervous System
1. Somatic
  1. Deliberate movement
2. Symathetic
  1. Fight of flight
3. Parasympathetic
4. Central
  1. The spinal cord and te brain.
5. Peripheral
  1. All nerves outside of the brain and spine.
6. Automatic ANS
  1. Automatic movements
Brain Research Methods
1. EEG Electroencephalography
  1. Electrodes are attached to the scalp and used to watch Neurons
2. CT Scans
  1. A combination of several X-Rays of the brain
3. EBS Electronic Brain Simulation
  1. Direct electrical simulation of the brain
  2. Done on people who where already getting brain surgery
4. MRI
  1. fMRI
    1. A MRI that shows Function
  2. A scan taken using a strong magnetic field
5. PET Position Emission Tomography

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	Created by Kathryn Boyde about 8 years ago