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Description
Mind Map by Talea Wiseman, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Talea Wiseman
about 8 years ago
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Chapter 2 Section 3
- The Tonkawas
- gathered plants such as roots,seeds,fruit,acorns and pecans
- lived in tipis made of buffalo hides
- shared some land with the Karankawas
- used to live on the Edwards Plateau
- hunted buffalo,rabbits,skunks,rats,rattlesnakes and land turtles
- were friendly people
- pushed away from the Edwards Plateau due to the Apaches and Comanches in the 1600's & 1700's
- became hunters and gatherers
- groups of independent bands
- each band had its own territory
- chose war cheifs to lead them
- gathered plants such as roots,seeds,fruit,acorns and pecans
- The Apaches
- comanches pushed the Lipians out of their area
- there were 6 tribes; 2 were named the Lipans and the Mescaleros
- the buffalo hides also covered their tipis
- Mescaleros were hunters/gatherers, named for the mescal cactus on which they depended for much of their food and drink; did not grow crops
- women planted and harvested crops of corn,beans,pumpkins and watermelon
- "apache" comes from the Zuni word 'apuchu', which means enemy
- fierce fighters
- came from Canada in A.D. 1000
- Lipians wore clothes made of deerskin
- they wrapped themselves in buffalo robes during the winter
- each band has a cheif
- Lipians hunted buffalo and other and other animals and sometimes farmed
- lipians were among the first Indians to ride horses
- bands came together in time of war or for religious or social ceremonies
- the Lipians appeared in the Texas Panhandle in 1500's, lived as seperate bands
- comanches pushed the Lipians out of their area
- The Comanches
- made meat into pemmican
- each band had a chief with limited power; all the adults in the band were members of the council
- lived in tipis
- decorated their bodies and made most of their clothes from buffalo hides
- their life depended on the buffalo- it provided clothing, shelter and most food
- in small groups hunted buffalo year round
- women had short hair; men had long hair with braids
- Lipians and the Comanches cooperated with each other at first, but then had a conflict about hunting grounds
- all band members had to agree with the decisions or leave
- first appeared in Northern Mexico and the Texas Panhandle in the early 1700's
- on the hunt, butchered animals where they fell
- made meat into pemmican
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