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METHODS ANDTECHNIQUES NO.2
- CASE STUDIES
- Systematic, detailed
investigation of a single
individual e.g. Freud's case
of Anna O.
- AO2: Pooling data from
similar cases can be
informative, lots of
detail is produced and
only way to deal with
rare instances of
behaviour e.g. 'Genie'.
However,
generalisability is low
and data may be
forgotten from the past.
- AO2: Pooling data from
similar cases can be
informative, lots of
detail is produced and
only way to deal with
rare instances of
behaviour e.g. 'Genie'.
However,
generalisability is low
and data may be
forgotten from the past.
- Systematic, detailed
investigation of a single
individual e.g. Freud's case
of Anna O.
- SELF-REPORT
- QUESTIONNAIRES: List of
pre-written questions
including Open (free
responses), Closed
(alternative responses) or a
Rank-Order (asked to rank
something) questions.
- AO2: It can be a cheap and effcient
way of gathering large amounts of
data but causal relationships are
dependent on the quality of the
questions, hard selecting a sample
and validity can be questioned.
- AO2: It can be a cheap and effcient
way of gathering large amounts of
data but causal relationships are
dependent on the quality of the
questions, hard selecting a sample
and validity can be questioned.
- INTERVIEWS:
Questions are
presented aurally
and can be
structured,
semi-structured or
unstructured.
- AO2: Can provide detailed/realistic
data, simple to do, findings can be
generalisable from a large sample and
can be insightful but reliability can be
questioned as truthfulness may be
doubtful, can be time-consuming and
right sample may be hard to find.
- AO2: Can provide detailed/realistic
data, simple to do, findings can be
generalisable from a large sample and
can be insightful but reliability can be
questioned as truthfulness may be
doubtful, can be time-consuming and
right sample may be hard to find.
- QUESTIONNAIRES: List of
pre-written questions
including Open (free
responses), Closed
(alternative responses) or a
Rank-Order (asked to rank
something) questions.
- CORRELATION ANALYSIS
- CORRELATION TELLS YOU
NOTHING ABOUT THE CAUSE!
- AO2: Advantages include investigation in
future research are indicated by naturally
occurring relationships between variables.
However, extraneous variables cannot be
controlled, cause and effect cannot be inferred
and its not always sensitive to a more complex
relationship between variables.
- COEFFICIENT:
Statistic that shows
strength of a
correlation- ranges
between -1 and +1.
- AO2: Advantages include investigation in
future research are indicated by naturally
occurring relationships between variables.
However, extraneous variables cannot be
controlled, cause and effect cannot be inferred
and its not always sensitive to a more complex
relationship between variables.
- NEGATIVE (less than 0):
Downward slope. More
perfect the line, the closer
the correlation is to -1.
- POSITIVE (more than 0):
Upward Slope. More
perfect the line, the
closer the correlation is
to +1.
- ZERO: No slope is
seen. No pattern.
- CORRELATION TELLS YOU
NOTHING ABOUT THE CAUSE!
- QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE
- QUANTITATIVE: Is
CONTROLLED, focused
on collecting NUMBERS,
analysis is OBJECTIVE
and its to do with
QUANTITY.
- QUALITATIVE: is LESS
CONTROLLED, focused on
collecting OPINIONS, analysis can
be SUBJECTIVE and its to do with
QUALITY.
- The use of
each depends
on which type
of research is
being done.
- QUANTITATIVE: Is
CONTROLLED, focused
on collecting NUMBERS,
analysis is OBJECTIVE
and its to do with
QUANTITY.
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