Biology 1

Adaptation of animals
1. Synapses and Reflexes
  1. Synapses connect neurones
    1. Chemicals diffuse across gap, carrying signal
  2. Reflexes are automatic responses
    1. EXAMPLE: Shock, body releases adrenaline.
  3. REFLEX ARC
    1. Stimulation of pain recepton
      1. Impulses travel sensory neurone
        Impulse passed along relay neurone
        Impulse travels along motor neurone
        Muscle contracts to react.
2. Hormones
  1. Ovaries produce oestogen
  2. Chemical messengers that travel in the blood to activate target cells
  3. Pituitary Gland makes FSH and LH
    1. FSH causes eggs to be produced
    2. LH causes egg to be released from ovary
    3. Oestrogen causes LH to be made
  4. IVF treatment
    1. Eggs taken in lab
      1. Fertilised with donor sperm, making embryo
        this then implanted back into mother
  5. Plant Hormones PAGE 24
    1. Auxin is growth hormone
      1. Grows near tips of shoots and roots
        IN SHOOTS, EXTRA AUXIN CAUSES GROWTH
        IN ROOTS, EXTRA AUXIN INHIBITS GROWTH
      2. TOWARDS LIGHT
        More auxin in the shade, shoot bends
      3. AWAY FROM GRAVITY
        More Auxin on lower side, shoot grows up
Immune system
1. White Blood Cells
  1. Produce Antitoxins
  2. Produce antibodies
    1. Invading cells have antigens
      1. When foreign antigen found, antibodies made
    2. These are protiens
    3. Made RAPIDLY
    4. Specific to ONE antigen
  3. Consume pathogens
2. Pathogens
  1. Bacteria
    1. Small living cells, reproduce rapidly
  2. Virus
    1. NOT Cells, much smaller
    2. Invade cells and multiply
  3. Make us ill
    1. Make Toxins
    2. Damage Cells
3. Vaccination
  1. Dead/Inactive cells
  2. Allows body to recognise antigen more quickly next time
    1. Stops us from getting infected
  3. Pros and Cons
    1. Pros
      1. Control/wipe out diseases
      2. Epidemics prevented
    2. Cons
      1. Don't always work
      2. Allergic reactions, but rare
Preparing a petri dish
1. Sterilise before use to kill bacteria
2. Swab bacteria onto agar jelly
3. Seal with tape and allow to incubate
KEY
1. IMPORTANT
2. LIST OF THINGS
3. TOPIC
4. TOPIC
5. TOPIC

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Biology 1

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	Created by FaultyHammer over 10 years ago