6791957
Description
Mind Map by Farah Mansour, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Farah Mansour
about 8 years ago
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Chronic Bronchitis
- Causes
- Smoking Cigarettes
- Cystic fibrosis
- Smoking Cigarettes
- Pathogenesis
- Hypersecretion of mucus occurs in
bronchus and subdivisions
- Obstruction to airflow occurs from mucus
plugs located in segmental bronchi and
proximal bronchioles
- Irreversible fibrosis may occur in chronically
inflamed segemntal bronchi and bronchioles
- Changes in Bronchi :
- Hypersecretion of submucosal
mucus-secreting glands in trachea &
brochi >> primarly responsible for
sputum overproduction
- Acute inflammation ( neutrophils ) often
superimposed on chronic inflammation
- Loss of ciliated epithelium & presence of
squamous metaplasia
- Hypersecretion of submucosal
mucus-secreting glands in trachea &
brochi >> primarly responsible for
sputum overproduction
- Changes in Bronchioles:
- Mucus plugs in lumens >>
block the exodus of CO2
- Goblet cell metaplasia
- Chronic inflammation & fibrosis narrowing the lumen
- Mucus plugs in lumens >>
block the exodus of CO2
- Hypersecretion of mucus occurs in
bronchus and subdivisions
- Clinical
findings :
- Productive cough
- Dyspnea occurs late
- Hypoxemia & respiratory acidosis occur early
- Cyanosis of skin &
mucous membranes
- O2 saturation is decreased
from hypoxemia
- "Blue Bloaters"
- O2 saturation is decreased
from hypoxemia
- Tend to be stocky or obese
- Expiratory wheezing & sibilant rhonci
- COR PULMONALE is commonly present
- Chest radiograph
- Large, horizontally oriented heart
- Increased bronchial markings
- Large, horizontally oriented heart
- Pulmonary Function tests and
arterial blood gases
- Less increase in TLC and RV than
emphysema
- Chronic respiratory acidosis
- Less increase in TLC and RV than
emphysema
- Productive cough
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