AP CS A

1. Program Design

   Annotations:

   • 1. Read and understand a problem description, purpose, and goals. 2. Apply data abstraction and encapsulation. 3. Read and understand class specifications and relationships among the classes (“is-a,” “has-a” relationships). 4. Understand and implement a given class hierarchy. 5. Identify reusable components from existing code using classes and class libraries.
2. Class Design

   Annotations:

   • 1. Design and implement a class. 2. Choose appropriate data representation and algorithms. 3. Apply functional decomposition. 4. Extend a given class using inheritance.

1. Programming constructs
   1. Primitive types vs. objects
   2. Declaration

      Annotations:

      • a. Constant declarations b. Variable declarations c. Class declarations d. Interface declarations e. Method declarations f. Parameter declarations
   3. Console output (System.out.print/println)
   4. Control

      Annotations:

      • a. Methods b. Sequential c. Conditional d. Iteration e. Understand and evaluate recursive methods
2. Implementation Techniques
   1. Methodology

      Annotations:

      • a. Object-oriented development b. Top-down development c. Encapsulation and information hiding d. Procedural abstraction
3. Java library classes (included in the AP Java subset)

1. Debugging

   Annotations:

   • 1. Categorize errors: compile-time, run-time, logic. 2. Identify and correct errors. 3. Employ techniques such as using a debugger, adding extra output statements,
2. Understand and modify existing code
3. Extend existing code using inheritance
4. Understand error handling

   Annotations:

   • Understand runtime exceptions
5. Reason about prograing

   Annotations:

   • 1. Pre- and post-conditions 2. Assertions
6. Analysis of algorithms

   Annotations:

   • 1. Informal comparisons of running times 2. Exact calculation of statement execution counts
7. Numerical representations and limits

   Annotations:

   • 1. Representations of numbers in different bases 2. Limitations of finite representations (e.g., integer bounds, imprecision of floating-point representations, and round-off error)
8. Testing

   Annotations:

   •  Testing 1. Test classes and libraries in isolation. 2. Identify boundary cases and generate appropriate test data. 3. Perform integration testing.

Annotations:

• Data structures are used to represent information within a program. Abstraction is an important theme in the development and application of data structures.

1. Simple Data Types

   Annotations:

   • int, boolean
2. Classes
3. Lists
4. Arrays

Annotations:

• Standard algorithms serve as examples of good solutions to standard problems. Many are intertwined with standard data structures. These algorithms provide examples for analysis of program efficiency.

1. Operations on Data Structures

   Annotations:

   • 1. Traversals 2. Insertions 3. Deletions
2. Searching

   Annotations:

   • 1. Sequential 2. Binary
3. Sorting

   Annotations:

   • 1. Selection 2. Insertion 3. Mergesort

Annotations:

• An awareness of the ethical and social implications of computing systems is necessary for the study of computer science. These topics need not be addressed in detail but should be considered throughout the course.

1. System reliability
2. Privacy
3. Legal issues and intellectual property
4. Social and ethical ramifications of computer use