Biological consequences of smoking

Diseases
1. Lung Cancer
  1. Carcinogens in cigarette smoke can cause mutations in the DNA of lung cells which could lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the form of a malignant tumour.
  2. These tumours grow uncontrollably, blocking air flow to areas of the lung.
  3. This decreases gas exchange and leads to shortness of breath as the body cannot take in enough oxygen.
  4. The tumour uses lots of nutrients and energy to grow, which causes weight loss.
2. Chronic Bronchitis
  1. This is inflammation of the lungs.
  2. Cigarette smoke damages the cilia and causes the goblet cells to secrete more mucus and it accumulates in the lungs and causes coughing to try and remove it.
  3. Microorganisms multiply in the mucus and cause lung infections that lead to inflammation and decreases gas exchange.
  4. COPD is a group of diseases that involve permanent airflow reduction. Chronic Bronchitis is a type of COPD.
3. Emphysema
  1. A lung disease caused by smoking/prolonged exposure to air pollution where foreign particles get trapped in the alveoli.
  2. This causes inflammation which encourages the presence of phagocytes. They produce an enzyme which breaks down the elastic wall of the alveoli, destroying their walls and elasticity.
  3. This reduces the surface area of the lungs, decreasing the rate of gaseous exchange.
  4. Symptoms include: shortness of breath and wheezing.
Chemicals
1. Nicotine
  1. Both a stimulant and a relaxant
  2. Effects
    1. irritation
    2. Burning sensation in the mouth and throat
    3. Increased salivation
    4. Naseau
    5. Abdominal pain
    6. Vomiting
    7. Diahroea
  3. The addictive drug found in tobacco smoke
  4. Produces a sensation of calm, well being and being able to cope
  5. Nicotine travels through the body in the bloodstream and heads straight for the brain, arriving in 7 to 15 seconds.
  6. Nicotine damages the circulatory system. making blood get narrower. This can increase blood pressure leading to hypertension
2. Tar
  1. When cilia are damaged, tar is able to penetrate further into your lungs
    1. This is even more dangerous
  2. Effects
    1. Coughing
    2. Shortness of breath
    3. cause unsightly yellow-brown stains on fingers and teeth.
  3. tar is a sticky brown substance that is the main cause of lung and throat cancer in smokers.
3. Carbon monoxide
  1. Effects
    1. amnesia
    2. Headaches
    3. Memory loss
    4. Behavioural changes
    5. Loss of bladder and muscle control
    6. Impaired vision and coordination
    7. Lung disease
4. Tobacco
  1. Brain
    1. Using tobacco can cause headaches and dizziness
  2. Mouth
    1. Tobacco stains your teeth and gives you bad breath.
    2. Tobacco ruins some of your taste buds, so you won't be able to taste your favorite foods as well.
    3. Tobacco causes bleeding gums (gum disease) and cancers of the mouth and throat
  3. Heart
    1. increases your heart rate and blood pressure and causes heart disease and heart attacks.
  4. Lungs
    1. Tobacco can cause emphysema (lung disease) and lung cancer.
  5. Skin
    1. causes dry, yellow skin and wrinkles.
  6. Muscles
    1. Less blood and oxygen flows to your muscles, which causes them to hurt more when you exercise or play sports.

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Biological consequences of smoking

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	Created by gordonbrad about 10 years ago

	Copied by Arella Szlapak over 7 years ago