7021711
Russia
1894-1914
- Marx
- A Jewish German scholar who lived from 1818-1893.
With Friedrich Engels, he wrote the Communist
Manifesto. He predicted that the working class
would rise up, overthrow the bourgeoisie and
establish a new kind of society. The Bolshevik
revolution in Russia was an attempt to make his
ideas a reality.
- A Jewish German scholar who lived from 1818-1893.
With Friedrich Engels, he wrote the Communist
Manifesto. He predicted that the working class
would rise up, overthrow the bourgeoisie and
establish a new kind of society. The Bolshevik
revolution in Russia was an attempt to make his
ideas a reality.
- Marxism
- A political philosophy based on the writings of Karl
Marx. The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks in Russia
followed this philosophy.
- A political philosophy based on the writings of Karl
Marx. The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks in Russia
followed this philosophy.
- Social Democrats
- A Marxist group founded in Russia in 1898. They wanted
to push for a proletarian revolution in Russia. In 1903
they split into two groups, the Bolsheviks and the
Mensheviks.
- A Marxist group founded in Russia in 1898. They wanted
to push for a proletarian revolution in Russia. In 1903
they split into two groups, the Bolsheviks and the
Mensheviks.
- Social Revolutionaries
- A political party formed in 1901 with broadly the same policies
as the populist movement. They wanted to establish a form of
socialism in Russia based on the peasants. Unlike the Social
democrats, they did not think it was necessary to base the
revolution on the proletariat. They carried out a number of
assassinations of unpopular officials. From March to
November 1917 they were part of the Petrograd Soviet, but
they mostly supported the provisional government and some
members joined the provisional government. They won the
elections to the Constituent Assembly.
- A political party formed in 1901 with broadly the same policies
as the populist movement. They wanted to establish a form of
socialism in Russia based on the peasants. Unlike the Social
democrats, they did not think it was necessary to base the
revolution on the proletariat. They carried out a number of
assassinations of unpopular officials. From March to
November 1917 they were part of the Petrograd Soviet, but
they mostly supported the provisional government and some
members joined the provisional government. They won the
elections to the Constituent Assembly.
- Bolsheviks
- A branch of the Russian Social Democratic Party, after
it split into two parts in 1903. This branch believed that
the party should push for a socialist revolution in
Russia as soon as possible. They believed that only
dedicated revolutionaries should be allowed to join the
party and that, once chosen, the orders of the leaders
should be obeyed by all.
- A branch of the Russian Social Democratic Party, after
it split into two parts in 1903. This branch believed that
the party should push for a socialist revolution in
Russia as soon as possible. They believed that only
dedicated revolutionaries should be allowed to join the
party and that, once chosen, the orders of the leaders
should be obeyed by all.
- Mensheviks
- A branch of the Russian Social Democratic Party, after it
split into two parts in 1903. This branch believed that a
Socialist revolution in Russia was a long way off. Russia
needed to industrialize first. They believed that
membership in the party should be open to all and that
decisions should be made democratically.
- A branch of the Russian Social Democratic Party, after it
split into two parts in 1903. This branch believed that a
Socialist revolution in Russia was a long way off. Russia
needed to industrialize first. They believed that
membership in the party should be open to all and that
decisions should be made democratically.
- Okhrana
- The secret police in Tsarist Russia. They spied on the
people and arrested, tortured and imprisoned those who
criticized the government. The courts had little control
over them.
- The secret police in Tsarist Russia. They spied on the
people and arrested, tortured and imprisoned those who
criticized the government. The courts had little control
over them.
- Cossaks
- An ethnic group in the Russian empire that
formed an elite cavalry army that was used
to crush opposition to the Tsar.
- An ethnic group in the Russian empire that
formed an elite cavalry army that was used
to crush opposition to the Tsar.
- Nicholas II
- Tsar of Russia from 1894-1917. He was unprepared to
take over as Tsar when his father died. He promised
his father he would maintain Russia's autocracy.
Although reasonably intelligent, he was weak and
tended to agree with the last person he spoke to. He
was very much under the influence of his wife.
Although he survived a revolution in 1905, he was
overthrown in 1917. The following year, he and his
entire family were executed.
- Tsar of Russia from 1894-1917. He was unprepared to
take over as Tsar when his father died. He promised
his father he would maintain Russia's autocracy.
Although reasonably intelligent, he was weak and
tended to agree with the last person he spoke to. He
was very much under the influence of his wife.
Although he survived a revolution in 1905, he was
overthrown in 1917. The following year, he and his
entire family were executed.
- Russo-Japanese war
- A war between Japan and Russia in 1904-5. The
strain of the war caused shortages and
hardships in Russia. Also, Russia lost the war,
which was very humiliating. This made the Tsar
unpopular and helped to provoke the 1905
revolution.
- A war between Japan and Russia in 1904-5. The
strain of the war caused shortages and
hardships in Russia. Also, Russia lost the war,
which was very humiliating. This made the Tsar
unpopular and helped to provoke the 1905
revolution.
- Bloody Sunday
- An incident on January 22 1905 when the Tsar's
soldiers shot peaceful demonstrators in St.
Petersburg. It was the immediate cause of the 1905
Revolution.
- An incident on January 22 1905 when the Tsar's
soldiers shot peaceful demonstrators in St.
Petersburg. It was the immediate cause of the 1905
Revolution.
- Potemkin mutiny
- Sailors on this battleship mutinied in June 1905 over
harsh treatment, being served rotten meat, and the
news of the disastrous loss at Tsushima in the
Russo-Japanese War. For a while it looked as though
the whole army and navy might mutiny. The mutiny
was crushed, but is was a danger sign.
- Sailors on this battleship mutinied in June 1905 over
harsh treatment, being served rotten meat, and the
news of the disastrous loss at Tsushima in the
Russo-Japanese War. For a while it looked as though
the whole army and navy might mutiny. The mutiny
was crushed, but is was a danger sign.
- General Strike
- A work stoppage when all workers in
all industries all refuse to work at the
same time. This happened in Russia
in October 1905.
- A work stoppage when all workers in
all industries all refuse to work at the
same time. This happened in Russia
in October 1905.
- October Manifesto
- A declaration issued by the Tsar on October 30 1905 promising a national Parliament (called a
Duma), civil rights, and other liberal reforms. This helped to settle the 1905 revolution. Later, Liberals
would accuse the Tsar of going back on these promises.
- A declaration issued by the Tsar on October 30 1905 promising a national Parliament (called a
Duma), civil rights, and other liberal reforms. This helped to settle the 1905 revolution. Later, Liberals
would accuse the Tsar of going back on these promises.
- Rasputin
- A starets from Siberia who appeared to be able to control the Tsar's son's
haemophilia. As a result, he became very close to the Royal family from
1907 onwards. He had a terrible reputation as a drunkard and a sex
maniac, so his perceived influence was very damaging to the royal
family's reputation. He was assassinated in 1916.
- A starets from Siberia who appeared to be able to control the Tsar's son's
haemophilia. As a result, he became very close to the Royal family from
1907 onwards. He had a terrible reputation as a drunkard and a sex
maniac, so his perceived influence was very damaging to the royal
family's reputation. He was assassinated in 1916.
- Lena Goldfield Massacre
- An incident in 1912 when troops attacked unarmed
striking miners in Siberia, killing 170 workers and
wounding 373. This caused more workers' protests all
over Russia from 1912-1914, and further hurt the
reputation of the Tsar among ordinary Russians.
- An incident in 1912 when troops attacked unarmed
striking miners in Siberia, killing 170 workers and
wounding 373. This caused more workers' protests all
over Russia from 1912-1914, and further hurt the
reputation of the Tsar among ordinary Russians.
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