Judiasm

Annotations:

• Short Summary: Abraham, a men, is the ancestor of the Israelites. He and his family migrated to Canaan became farmers. About 1800 B.C.E., Moses, one of the leader, led the Israelites escape from the attack from Egypt. By 1000 B.C.E., Israelites set up the kingdom in Canaan. it was ruled by King Saul, then by King David, and finally by David's son, King Solomon

1. Jewish beliefs
   1. Monothesim
      1. Believed in one God
      2. Believed in a solemn duty to honor and obey God.
      3. Feeling a personal relationship with God
      4. Speak to God through payer
   2. Following God's Law
      1. The Torah instructs Jew lead a life that pleases God
      2. Judaism's oldest laws are the Ten Commandments
         1. Tell the Jews how to honor God

            Annotations:

            • For example, one commandment tells Jews to set aside a holy day, the Sabbath, every week
      3. Jewish religious leaders developed a set of laws

         Annotations:

         • For example, there were rules about how to prepare food and what food should be avoided.
   3. Equality and Social Justice
      1. Judaism teaches that all people who keep the laws are equal in God's sight

         Annotations:

         • Belief in equality goes hand in hand a concern for social justice.
      2. Torah teach about treating everyone fairly

         Annotations:

         • For example, "You shall open wide your hand to your brother "
2. Preserving the Teachings
   1. Rabbi Yohanan ben Zaccai
      1. helped preserve Judaism

         Annotations:

         • When the revolt against Rome began in 66 C.E., ben Zakkai feared for the future of Judaism. He worried that if the rabbis died in the fighting and the Temple were destroyed, Judaism might not survive.
      2. center of Jewish learning

         Annotations:

         •  At their school, ben Zakkai and the other rabbis educated new rabbis. Teachers came from many places to study at Yavneh.
   2. New Teachers and Practices
      1. Synagogue

         Annotations:

         • The rabbis made the synagogue important. A synagogue is a house of worship, as well as a place to study, to meet, and to gather socially. Synagogues strengthened Jewish communities.
         1. Created a religious service

            Annotations:

            •  Prayer and study of sacred texts became a new way to worship
3. Jewish Leaders
   1. Abraham
      1. Father of God
      2. belief to the Israelites
      3. God spoke to Abraham

         Annotations:

         • telling him to move his family from Mesopotamia to Canaan, later called the Land of Israel. 
      4. Life of Abraham
         1. Abraham's Covenant with God

            Annotations:

            • God spoke to Abraham when he was about 75 years old. God said, "Go from your country, your people and your father's house hold to the land I will show you."  When he was 99 years old, God spoke to him again, "I will make a covenant between myself and you"
         2. Abraham's Descendants

            Annotations:

            • Abraham had married a women called Sarai, before he left Ur. t God promised that Abraham's wife would have a son. God gave Sarai a new name, Sarah, which means “princess.” Sahara gave the birth of Isaac. Their son Isaac and his wife Rebekah. Rebekah gave birth to Jacob.
   2. Moses
      1. greatest leader of the Israelites
      2. gave Judaism its foundational teachings.
   3. David and Solomon
      1. created a united kingdom

         Annotations:

         • during the reigns of King Saul, King David, King Solomon. King David established Jerusalem as a holy city and the capital of Israel.  King Solomon built Jerusalem's great First Temple.