7182976
Description
Mind Map by Katie Bryden, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Katie Bryden
over 9 years ago
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Human genome project
- describe the research
strategy underlying the
genome project
- shot gun approach
- 1. cut the DNA from many copies of
an entire chromosome into
overlapping fragment short enough
for sequencing
- 2. clone the fragment in plasmid or phage vector
- 3. sequence each fragment
- 4. order the sequences into one
overall sequence with computer
software
- random DNA sequences are
generated, sequenced and
reassembled into a whole
genome
- 1. cut the DNA from many copies of
an entire chromosome into
overlapping fragment short enough
for sequencing
- human genome project
- goals= identify all the genes in human
DNA, determine the sequence of 3 billion
base pairs of human DNA, store this
information in database, improve tools for
data analysis, transfer related
technologies to the private sector, address
ethical, legal and social issues arising from
the project
- completed in 2001
- goals= identify all the genes in human
DNA, determine the sequence of 3 billion
base pairs of human DNA, store this
information in database, improve tools for
data analysis, transfer related
technologies to the private sector, address
ethical, legal and social issues arising from
the project
- technology
- illumina
- major provider
of DNA
sequencing
- major provider
of DNA
sequencing
- complete genomics
- ion torrent
- company
- company
- pacbio
- illumina
- shot gun approach
- describe the relative advantages
of the different model organisms
- humans are difficult to do
research on, may human
genes have shared
evolutionary history, many
human genes have similar
function, studies of genes in
other organisms is
informative, at a
cellular/molecular level
cells are very similar
- worms =
share 25% of
genes with
humans
- used for
development,
behavior,ageing,
nerves
and
muscles
- 19,000 genes
- used for
development,
behavior,ageing,
nerves
and
muscles
- flies
- shares 70%
of genes with
humans
including 70%
of disease
genes
- used as human disease
models = neural
conditions, models of
basic cellular conditions,
model of muscular
conditions
- 13,600 genes
- shares 70%
of genes with
humans
including 70%
of disease
genes
- mice
- 25,000 genes
- 99.99%
human
immunity
genes -
excellent
human model
- 25,000 genes
- humans are difficult to do
research on, may human
genes have shared
evolutionary history, many
human genes have similar
function, studies of genes in
other organisms is
informative, at a
cellular/molecular level
cells are very similar
- describe the use molecular
strategies to find genes within
DNA sequences
- isolating mRNAs and sequencing them to find genes and
reveals their intron/exon structure
- isolating mRNAs and sequencing them to find genes and
reveals their intron/exon structure
- describe the uses of
comparative genomics in
predicting the function of DNA
sequences
- finding genes within sequences
- An open reading frame
(ORF) is a sequence of
codons that do not
contain a stop codon
- exist in 3 possible
forward frames and 3
possible reverse frames
- exist in 3 possible
forward frames and 3
possible reverse frames
- An open reading frame
(ORF) is a sequence of
codons that do not
contain a stop codon
- genes are not just
coding regions
- search for
sequence
characteristics of
promotors and
other control
regions
- search for
sequence
characteristics of
promotors and
other control
regions
- homology
- human chromosome 7
and mouse genome
- look for tracts of
sequences that
share homology
- imply they are
important, have a
function , belong to a
gene
- imply they are
important, have a
function , belong to a
gene
- homeotic genes are the key genes in
determining positional identity along
the length of an organism
- human chromosome 7
and mouse genome
- finding genes within sequences
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