KEY: it is more disguised or hidden and is generally informal.
Dyestuffs (1972): it is not a contract yet, also not yet an obliged
agreement that parties must follow, but its mutual understanding of
the parties, and they follow it in practice.
ICI case: 'oligoply': means the majority of a market is controlled by a
few undertaking rather than a single body
Type of agreements
Horizontal
Vertical
The effect on trade between MS
Art 101 states that the “agreement may affect trade between MS”
AIMS:
avoid the possibility of restrictivepractices and agreements
prevent large business from abusing their economic dominance in the market
to ensure that, within the certain limits, the public sector observes the same rules