7363676
Description
Mind Map by Kristen Thorpe, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kristen Thorpe
almost 8 years ago
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Research Enterprise in Psychology
- The Scientific Approach
- Steps
- 1) Formulate a
hypothesis
- 2) Choose a practical
method to study
- 3) Collect data to
make observations
- 4) Analyze data and come
up with conclusions
- 5) Report and share
findings of study
- 5) Report and share
findings of study
- 4) Analyze data and come
up with conclusions
- 3) Collect data to
make observations
- 2) Choose a practical
method to study
- 1) Formulate a
hypothesis
- Advantages
- Clarity and precision which
enhances communication
- Intolerance of error,
objective data
- Clarity and precision which
enhances communication
- Steps
- Ethical Issues
- Animal testing
- Should animals be subject to painful
and unnecessary procedures? I
believe they should be treated with
the same respect as humans
- Should animals be subject to painful
and unnecessary procedures? I
believe they should be treated with
the same respect as humans
- All test subjects are to
be treated fairly and
equally
- Psychologists have the
responsibility to protect the rights,
privacy, liberty, and self-
determination of others
- Animal testing
- Two Methods of Psychology Research
- Descriptive/Correlation Research-
natural observations to discover
links between variables
- Naturalistic
Observation
- Observes behaviour
without intervening with
the test subjects
- Study animals and human
- Data can be difficult to
quantify for statistical
research
- Study animals and human
- Observes behaviour
without intervening with
the test subjects
- Case Study
- In-depth
investigation of
a subject
- Well suited for studying
psychological disorders
- Well suited for studying
psychological disorders
- In-depth
investigation of
a subject
- Survey
- Quesitons/interviews to
gather data about a
person's behvaiour
- Well suited for
gathering data on
attitudes, values and
beliefs
- Cost and time efficient
- Cost and time efficient
- Well suited for
gathering data on
attitudes, values and
beliefs
- Quesitons/interviews to
gather data about a
person's behvaiour
- Give researchers a
way to explore
questions that
could not be
examined by
experiments
- Naturalistic
Observation
- Experimental Research- Carefully
controlled conditions to observe
changes in a second variable
- Independent and
Dependant Variables
- Independent
- Condition the
experimenter
varies to impact
the other variable
- Condition the
experimenter
varies to impact
the other variable
- Dependant
- Thought to be affected by
changing of the
indedependent variable
- Thought to be affected by
changing of the
indedependent variable
- Independent
- Experimental (receive special
treatment) and control groups
(do not receive anything)
- Extraneous variables- variables
that seem to influence the
dependant varibale in a study
- Draws conclusions about
cause-&-effect relationships
between variables
- Independent and
Dependant Variables
- Descriptive/Correlation Research-
natural observations to discover
links between variables
- Statistics- use of
mathematics to
organize, and interpret
data
- Descriptive statistics-
used to organize and
summarize data
- Key areas: measures of
central tendency, variability,
and the coefficient of
correlation
- Looking for
Medians, means,
and modes to
compare data
- Correlations use + and - signs to
compare data and show associations
between two variables
- Correlations use + and - signs to
compare data and show associations
between two variables
- Looking for
Medians, means,
and modes to
compare data
- Key areas: measures of
central tendency, variability,
and the coefficient of
correlation
- Inferential
Statistics- use laws
of probability to
interpret data and
draw conclusions
- Statistical significance exists
when the probability that the
observed findings are due to
chance is low
- Use a hypothesis to
determine if
research results
are significant
- Statistical significance exists
when the probability that the
observed findings are due to
chance is low
- Meta-Analysis- combining
statistical results to from
many studies, to see if
results are valid
- Descriptive statistics-
used to organize and
summarize data
- Research Flaws
- Sampling Bias-exist if a sample
is not representative of the
population
- Generalizations about the
population may be
inaccurate
- Generalizations about the
population may be
inaccurate
- Placebo Effect- when participants
expectations lead them to believe
they have changed even though it
was a fake treatment
- Expectations can be
powerful on the human
brain
- Expectations can be
powerful on the human
brain
- Distortions in Self-Report Data-
is the tendency to give socially
approved answers about
personal selves
- Work too hard to
create an untruthful
favourable
impression
- Work too hard to
create an untruthful
favourable
impression
- Experimenter Bias- when
a researcher's
expectations of a study
influence the results
- Sometimes people see what they
want to see and can influence the
behaviour of test subjects
- Sometimes people see what they
want to see and can influence the
behaviour of test subjects
- Sampling Bias-exist if a sample
is not representative of the
population
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