Everything has a purpose
Ethics is the struggle to determine what is right or wrong, or ‘good’ and ‘bad’. Some ethical theories are hedonistic – they say that pleasure (and the absence of pain) are the only ultimately ‘good’ ends towards which to aim. Some Christian ethicists argue that following God’s will – as revealed through prayer, scriptures and prophecy – is the ultimate good.
"good is to be done and
pursued and evil is to be
avoided"
leads to the
secondary
precepts
PREGS
protect and preserve human life
reporduce
educate offspring
love God
Live in society
Thomas Aquinas
13th century
summa
theologica- fulfil
purpose of good
Absolutist &
deontological
primary precepts are self-evident principles
Primary Precepts are
not concerned with
actions themselves, but
with our telos or
purpose.
. For Aquinas, man's final
purpose (telos) is happiness
with God, something
for which we all have an innate
desire. The Primary Precepts
are our natural inclinations that
guide us towards this final
purpose.
secondary precepts; these
are rules that govern our
specific actions. The
secondary precepts are what
makes Natural Law appear
deontological.
secondary precpts
certain actions were seen by
Aquinas to be contrary to
human nature. Reason would
then give us absolute
secondary precepts that would
always hold.
apparent and real good
Following a ‘real’ good will result in the
preservation or improvement of self,
getting nearer to the ‘ideal human nature’
that God had planned.
apparent goods that may be pleasurable
(e.g. drugs) but ultimately lead us to fall
short of our potential.
Reason is used to
determine the ‘real’
goods.
God
Aquinas believed in life after death, which
leads to a different understanding of God’s
plan for humans.
Natural Law can be upheld by atheists,
but there seems no good reason for
keeping to Natural Law without God.