PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

1. symmetrical/ formal balance

   Annotations:

   • -equal "weight" on equal sides of a centrally placed fulcrum -weight of composition is equally distributed -identical forms on both sides of the axis
   1. bilateral symmetry

      Annotations:

      • -elements are arrange equally on both sides
   2. approximately symmetrical

      Annotations:

      • -equivalent but not identical
   3. radial symmetry

      Annotations:

      • -arranging elements equally around central point
2. asymmetrical balance
   1. color

      Annotations:

      • -vibrant colors against neutral colors
   2. value

      Annotations:

      • black vs. white or contrast
   3. shape

      Annotations:

      • -flat vs. irregular shapes
   4. position

      Annotations:

      • -larger weight (closer) vs. lighter weight (farther)
   5. texture

      Annotations:

      • -smooth vs rough -soft vs. hard
   6. eye direction

      Annotations:

      • -by used of edges, shapes, groups

Annotations:

• -relative size and scale of the various elements in a design

1. deals with the size relationship of one part to another
2. bad proportion vs. good proportion
3. Ex. Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci
4. a.k.a Law of Relationship
5. Perfect Proportion: The Golden Ratio, the Golden Mean, or Fibonacci's Spiral

   Annotations:

   • Parthenon

Annotations:

• -imagine breaking an image down into thirds (horizaontally & vertically) so that you have 9 parts.

1. subject placed on one of the intersecting points
2. natural point of focus

1. similiarity

   Annotations:

   • -repetition
2. continuity

   Annotations:

   • -family resemblances
3. alignment

   Annotations:

   • arranging shapes
4. proximity

   Annotations:

   • -cohesive group

1. achieved by creating differences in:
   1. shape
   2. color
   3. texture
   4. direction
   5. movement
   6. size
   7. value
   8. type
   9. alignment

Annotations:

• -provides focal point for the piece

1. a.k.a. dominance

Annotations:

• -repetition or alternation of elements

1. sense of movement
2. establish pattern and texture
3. kinds:
   1. regular

      Annotations:

      • -intervals bet. elements,  -similar in size or length
   2. flowing

      Annotations:

      • -give sense of movement
   3. progressive

      Annotations:

      • -shows sequence of forms
   4. repetition

      Annotations:

      • -patterning -visual "beat"
   5. alternation

      Annotations:

      • -sequence of repeating motifs are presented in turn (short/long; fat/thin; round/square; dark/light)
   6. gradation

      Annotations:

      • patterned thru regular progression of steps

1. composition with similar units
2. used similar elements

1. to change the character
2. complement to unity
3. needed to create visual interest