minerials in britain

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science - chem (Chemicals in our lives - risks and benefits) Mind Map on minerials in britain, created by jakeogilvie on 07/05/2013.
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Mind Map by jakeogilvie, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jakeogilvie over 11 years ago
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minerials in britain
  1. Tectonic plates
    1. The outer layers of the Earth (the crust and upper part of the mantle) are divided into massive portions of rock called tectonic plates.
      1. These plates have the ability to move due to convection currents that exist in the mantle. This movement means that parts of ancient continents that make up the Britain we know today have moved over the surface of the Earth.
      2. Magnetic data
        1. Geologists can use magnetic clues in rocks to document the movement of continents. This movement is tracked by studying magnetic particles contained in some rocks such as certain types of lava and sediment that contain magnetite.
          1. When lava has cooled, magnetite can become magnetised in the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field at that particular time. A similar process occurs with sediment.
            1. Measuring the angle at which rocks are magnetised allows the latitude of the originally formed rock to be deduced. Comparing the predicted historical location and magnetic direction to the present location allows a map of continental movement to be developed.
            2. Differences shown in rocks
              1. The movement of continents has meant a wide range of rocks are found in Britain that has formed in different climates.
                1. Clues in sedimentary rock
                  1. The study of sedimentary rock provides evidence of the conditions under which they were formed.
                    1. fossils of plants and animals found in the rock are distinctive of certain geological time periods. Comparing them against modern day organisms gives an idea of the environment in which they existed
                      1. grains of sand found in rock can be compared against grains found in deserts or rivers to determine if they were air blown or water borne
                        1. ripples in rocks formed by wind blowing or water flowing.
                        2. natural Formation of resources
                          1. When plants have died and formed peat due to a lack of oxygen, the peat has been buried by sediment leading to compression and heating. This eventually formed coal
                            1. Seawater that was inland millions of years ago created salt marshes. As water in these marshes evaporated, deposits of rock salt formed.
                              1. Other processes such as erosion and sedimentation have led to the formation of other valuable resources such as sandstone.
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