763206
Description
Mind Map by Bethan Stevenson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bethan Stevenson
over 10 years ago
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how anxiety affect
EWT accuracy
- anxiety has a negative affect
- Deffenbacher et al. (2004)
- they did a meta-analysis of 12
studies published between 1974
and 1997, looking at the effects of
highlighted anxiety on accuracy of
EW recall. From these studies it
was clear that there was
considerable support for the
hypothesis that high levels of stress
negatively impacted the accuracy of
EW memory
- they did a meta-analysis of 12
studies published between 1974
and 1997, looking at the effects of
highlighted anxiety on accuracy of
EW recall. From these studies it
was clear that there was
considerable support for the
hypothesis that high levels of stress
negatively impacted the accuracy of
EW memory
- Deffenbacher et al. (2004)
- anxiety enhances recall
- Christianson and Hubinette (1993)
- questioned 58 witnesses to
real bank robberies. The
witnesses that had been
threatened in some way were
more accurate in their recall,
and recalled more details,
than those who had been
onlookers and less
emotionally aroused. This
continues to be true even 15
months later
- questioned 58 witnesses to
real bank robberies. The
witnesses that had been
threatened in some way were
more accurate in their recall,
and recalled more details,
than those who had been
onlookers and less
emotionally aroused. This
continues to be true even 15
months later
- Christianson and Hubinette (1993)
- weapon-focus effect
- there is evidence that in violent crimes, arousal
may focus on more central details of the attack
(e.g. a weapon) than the more peripheral details
(e.g. what else is going on)
- Johnson and Scott (1976)
- identified
weapon-focus
effect
- identified
weapon-focus
effect
- Johnson and Scott (1976)
- in their initial experiment, Loftus et al. used two conditions, one using a
weapon and one not. In both conditions ppts heard a discussion in an
adjoining room. In condition 1 a man emerged with a pen and with grease
on his hands. In condition 2 the discussion was rather more heated and a
man emerged holding a paperknife covered in blood
- when asked to identify the man from 50 photos, ppts in condition 1 were 49% accurate,
compared with 33% accuracy in condition 2- suggesting that the weapon may have distracted
attention from the person holding it, therefore explaining why EWs sometimes have poor recall for
certain details of violent crime
- when asked to identify the man from 50 photos, ppts in condition 1 were 49% accurate,
compared with 33% accuracy in condition 2- suggesting that the weapon may have distracted
attention from the person holding it, therefore explaining why EWs sometimes have poor recall for
certain details of violent crime
- there is evidence that in violent crimes, arousal
may focus on more central details of the attack
(e.g. a weapon) than the more peripheral details
(e.g. what else is going on)
- evaluation
- explaining the apparent contradiction
- Deffenbacher suggests that
this apparent contradiction in
research findings could be best
explained with reference to the
Yerkes-Dodson law which
states that performance
improves with increases in
arousal up to some optimal
point and hen declines with
further increases
- many researchers believe that
anxiety effects in EWT are
curvilinear- meaning that small
to medium increases in arousal
may increase the accuracy of
memory, but high levels
interfere with accuracy
- many researchers believe that
anxiety effects in EWT are
curvilinear- meaning that small
to medium increases in arousal
may increase the accuracy of
memory, but high levels
interfere with accuracy
- Deffenbacher suggests that
this apparent contradiction in
research findings could be best
explained with reference to the
Yerkes-Dodson law which
states that performance
improves with increases in
arousal up to some optimal
point and hen declines with
further increases
- research supports the weapon-focus effect
- a meta-analysis of studies concerned with the
weapon focus effect (Steblay- 1992) showed that the
presence of a weapon does indeed reduce the
chances of a witness correctly identifying the person
holding it
- Loftus et al (1997) monitored
EWs eye movements and found
that the presence of a weapon
causes attention to be physically
drawn towards the weapon itself
and away from other things such
as the person's face
- Loftus et al (1997) monitored
EWs eye movements and found
that the presence of a weapon
causes attention to be physically
drawn towards the weapon itself
and away from other things such
as the person's face
- a meta-analysis of studies concerned with the
weapon focus effect (Steblay- 1992) showed that the
presence of a weapon does indeed reduce the
chances of a witness correctly identifying the person
holding it
- explaining the apparent contradiction
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