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Fracture in the arm
- Anatomy of the arm
- Bones
- Muscles
- Nerves, Arteries, veins
- Bones
- BONE FRACTURE
- definition
- is a medical
condition in
which there is a
damage in the
continuity of the
bone
- is a medical
condition in
which there is a
damage in the
continuity of the
bone
- Signs and
symptoms
- Pain, swelling,
tenderness,
deformities,
limit ROM,
stepping,
crepitus
- Pain, swelling,
tenderness,
deformities,
limit ROM,
stepping,
crepitus
- Types
- Open or closed
- According to the skin
- Open fracture can lead to bone infection
- According to the skin
- Displaced or non displaced
- Greenstick
- A portion of the bone is broken
- A portion of the bone is broken
- Spiral
- Helical in shape
- Helical in shape
- Transverse
- Horizontal straight line
- Horizontal straight line
- Oblique
- sloped pattern
- sloped pattern
- Comminuted
- Breaks in small pieces
- Breaks in small pieces
- Buckled
- Segments forced into each others
- Segments forced into each others
- Pathologic
- Ex: osteoporosis
- Ex: osteoporosis
- Stress
- caused by overusing
- caused by overusing
- Complicated
- When it cause damage to internal organs
- When it cause damage to internal organs
- Open or closed
- Investigations
- X-ray
- CT scan
- MRI
- Blood tests
- Angiogram
- it shows the
blood vessels
- it shows the
blood vessels
- Angiogram
- to check the
surrounding
tissues and to get
a clearer view
- Blood tests
- MRI
- CT scan
- X-ray
- Management
- First line
- First Aid
- D.R.A.B.C. Emergency Response
- Immobilize the fracture
- Splinting
the fracture
- Splinting
the fracture
- Reduce Swelling
- Prevent further
Injury
- Check for complications
- Stop any bleeding
- D.R.A.B.C. Emergency Response
- First Aid
- Second line
- Reduction
- Closed Manipulation
- Continuous Traction
- Open Reduction
- Closed Manipulation
- Immobilization
- Conservative
- POP-slings–traction–collar
& cuff
- POP-slings–traction–collar
& cuff
- External fixation
- Bone fragments
held by external
scaffolding
- Bone fragments
held by external
scaffolding
- Internal fixation
- screw – plates
– nails -wires
- screw – plates
– nails -wires
- Conservative
- Rehabilitation
- Reduction
- First line
- definition
- Trauma mechanisms
- Low energy trauma
- Simple falls,
twisting
injuries and
sport injuries
- Simple falls,
twisting
injuries and
sport injuries
- High energy trauma
- Motor vehicle
and motorcycle
crashes
- Motor vehicle
and motorcycle
crashes
- Low energy trauma
- Bone Healing
- Stages
- Factors That
Influence Bone
Healing
- Infection
- Anemia and hypoxia
- Age and health status
- Soft tissue injury
- Chemical or thermal burns
- Inadequate immobilization
- Infection
- Stages
- Wrist drop
- an injury to the radial nerve resulting
in impaired nerve function causing
radial nerve palsy.
- Signs and symptoms
- Numbness
behind the hand
and forearm
- inability of the patient to bend
the wrist backwards or
straighten the thumb and
fingers
- persistent pain in the forearm or elbow
- Numbness
behind the hand
and forearm
- Muscles affected
- All extensor and supinator mucles are paralyzed
- All extensor and supinator mucles are paralyzed
- Nerves affected
- Radial nerve
- Radial nerve
- Management
- First line management
- Surgery
- to repair the radial nerve
- to repair the radial nerve
- First line management
- No extinsion of elbow
- an injury to the radial nerve resulting
in impaired nerve function causing
radial nerve palsy.
- Conditioning
- Classical
- Operant
- Reinforcement
- Positive
- Negative
- Escape
- Avoidance
- Escape
- Positive
- Punishment
- Positive
- Negative
- Positive
- Reinforcement
- type of associative
learning when a stimulus
becomes associated with a
consequence.
- Classical
Media attachments
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