Art provides insight which could have only been brought forth by artists
Art provides a catharsis which purges the pent-up passions of the soul without
expressing inapropriate deeds to do so
psychology was an influence in views
art is an imitation/copy of reality therefore it is deceptive and should not be included in an ideal society
parable of the cave: there are 2 worlds that coexist seperately from one another
Form world is true world
World as we see it is represented in "shadows"
Art arouses feelings and ideas that otherwise would have not been there.
metaphysical influenced viewpoint
Danto
paradigm shift in definition of art
Photographs make the imitation theory false
In order to understand what is art you must understand the "is" in the piece of art
art is a representation of something else
Questions that are common among theories
are:
.1. Does art give us knowledge or mislead us about reality?
2. Does art help us achieve a harmonious inner psychic order or does it stir up
emotions and lead us away from reason?
Marcuse
Art's negative and destructive nature is beneficial to society as it leads to reflection which leads to decreased oppression.
2 types of oppression
1. Necessary oppression:the kind and amount of repression that is necessary in all social orders to carry on existing. An
example would be denying yourself a portion of a harvest, even though you are hungry, to allow enough seed for next year's
planting.
2. Surplus oppression:the kind of repression that is put into place to protect the favored positions of rulers,
enlisted to prevent a rise against authority and overthrowing the rulers.
Human progress is achieved by elimination of surplus repression while simultaneously reducing necessary
repression through technological advance. This is accomplished by art tapping into repressed desires which
invokes opposition to necessary repression and thereby fuels the fight against surplus repression. (Art
expresses opposition which leads to revolution which leads to freedom from surplus repression through
transcendence-imaginary leap beyond the given social world into the conception of what should be or could
potentially be)